50
-
- It is proclaimed that the king has the right to call out the fleet and rowers. [48.18]
98
-
- Roman historian Tacitus writes in the Latin book De Germania about tribes of Suiones in Scandinavia, who live off the ocean, sailing in large fleets of boats with a prow at either end, no sail, using paddles, and strong, loyal, well-armed men with spikes in their helmets. [1.9] [47.18] [48.10] [267.13]
150
-
- Egyptian astrologer and geographer Ptolemy of Alexandria draws his first map of countries on the Baltic Sea, with Scandia as the largest and most easterly of four islands in the "Germanic Ocean". [1.10]
200
-
- A system of beacons for defence are established along the eastern shores of Scandinavia and coast of Finland. [48.19]
500
-
- The first Swedish state comes into existence, the Kingdon of the Svear, centered on Uppland (north side of modern Lak Mälaren). [1.11] [47.18]
- Eadgils (Adils), son of Svear King Othere (Ottar) conquers his father in Sweden, with help from Geats, becoming King. Othere's father Ongentheow (Angantyr) also fights the Geats and is killed in battle. [1.12]
516
-
- Hygelac the Geat leads raids against Frisia. [48.11]
550
-
- Gotlanders put themselves under the protection of the Swedish king, for payment of 60 silver marks per year, and reciprocal free trade. [120.50]
565
-
- Danes and Saxons make unsuccessful attacks near the Zuider Zee. [48.11]
650
-
- The Gothic historian Jordanes writes of the Suehans of Scandinavia, with fine horses, rich apparel, and trading in furs. [47.19] (about 550 [232.12])
700
-
- The epic tale "Beowulf" is written. [48.13]
750
-
- Swedes are established at Staraja Ladoga. [232.12]
800
-
- (8th or 9th century) The Svear conquer the Götar, forming the Svea rike, the Svea Kingdom. (Over time, the name is shortened to Sverige.) [303.38]
- The town of Birka is founded, on the island of Björkö. [50.292]
829
-
- Björn is king of the Svear in the Mälar district. [48.25] [232.136]
- King Björn of the Svear requests of the Frankish king assistance in establishing the Christian religion in Sweden. The Frankish king Louis the Pious, son of Charlemagne, sends Ansgar, a Christian monk, to Birka, on Lake Mälaren. Ansgar convinces the King to build a Christian (Chruch of Rome) church there. [1.24] [47.26] [48.34] [232.13] [267.22] [303.73]
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830
-
- Swedes first arrive in Russia. [1.16]
831
-
- Ansgar founds the first Christian congregation in Sweden, in Birka on the island of Björkö. [53.17]
- Ansgar leaves Birka. His successor in the town is Gautbert. [48.34]
839
-
- Swedish explorers reach Constantinople. [232.13]
- Goutbert is forced to leave Birka. [48.35]
845
-
- Vikings attack and burn the town of Hamburg. [1.25]
850
-
- The island of Gotland comes under the dominion of Swedish kings. [48.18]
852
-
- Ansgar returns to visit Birka. He gives presents to the king, who allows a church be built. Ansgar leaves Rimbert in charge, who does not last very long. [232.13] [267.22] (855 [48.35])
860
-
- Gardar the Swede explores the coast of Iceland. [84.716] [232.13]
885
-
- King Olof reconquers Seeburg (Grobin) near Libau on the coast of Kurland (Courland). [48.20]
890
- June 18
- A fleet of 200 Viking warrior ships from Kiev arrives at Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine empire. For ten days they brutally attack, then leave. [151.72]
897
-
- On Gotkand island, the city of Visby is founded. [159.30]
934
-
- King Gnupa in Hedeby is defeated and baptized by German emperor Henry I. [48.35]
935
-
- Swedish rule in south Jutland ends. [1.20]
936
-
- Bishop Unni of Hamburg visits Birka, to try to re-introduce Christianity to the Swedes. [48.35]
- September 17
- Bishop Unni is killed in Birka. [48.35]
970
-
- Sigtuna is founded in Svealand. [232.14] [267.22]
980
-
- Erik the Victorious is king of the Svear. [48.25] [232.136]
995
-
- Olof Skötkonung becomes king of the Svear and Götar, beginning rule of integrated Sweden, incorporating central, eastern, and western regions. [1.23] [48.25] [232.14,136] [267.22]
999
-
- The city of Lund is founded. [4.18]
1000
-
- A naval battle of Svolder (Öresund) takes place, as described in the Heimskringla. Olof Skötkonung and Sweyn Forkbeard defeat Olav Tryggvason of Norway. [48.19,25]
- The town of Birka is destroyed. [48.26]
- Swedes lose control of Hedeby. [48.26]
- King Olof Skötkonung is baptized. [48.39]
1010
-
- King Olof Sköttkonung employs an English mintmaster to strike coins, with inscriptions in Latin. [47.24] [48.36] [267.22]
1015
-
- Swedes abandon eastern trade routes. [232.108]
1017
-
- English royal princes Edward and Edmund are sent by Canute the Dane to Sweden to be executed by the King. The King of Sweden refuses to comply. [263.44]
1022
-
- Anund Jakob begins reign as king of the Swedes. [48.26] [232.136]
1026
-
- Denmark's Cnut the Great defeats the Norwegians and Swedes near the Helga å river, beginning a unified rule of Scandinavia. [1.23] (Norwegians and Swedes defeat Cnut [232.122])
1027
-
- Knut, son of Svein Forkbeard of Denmark, characterizes himself as "King of all England and Denmark and Norway and part of Sweden". [85.525]
1029
-
- Norwegian King Olaf Haraldsson enforces conversion of Gotland to Christianity. [120.58]
1041
-
- Ingvar the Widefarer of the Swedes attempts to re-open trade routes with the Arab east, but many in the expedition die in Serkland. [232.108] [267.23]
1050
-
- Emund the Old begins reign as king of the Swedes. [232.136]
1054
-
- The frontier between Sweden and Denmark is established by King Emund Slemme of the Svear, and King Sven Tjugoskägg of the Danes. Six frontier stones are erected from the junction of Västergötland and Halland in the north, and Brömsebro in the south. [327.112]
1060
-
- The last king of the Svear line, Emund the Old, dies. The rule of King Olof Skötkonug and sons ends. [1.23] [47.30] [232.136] [267.23]
- The bishop of Sigtuna is driven out by pagan resistence to Christianity. [1.29] [47.27]
- The thing of Uppland elects Stenkil Ragnvaldsson, a pious noble from Western Sweden as new king. (After a brief reign, his sons are acknowledged as co-regents.) [47.30] [232.136] [267.23]
1066
-
- Halsten begins reign as king of Sweden. [232.136]
1070
-
- King Halsten is deposed. Hakon the Red is declared new king. [232.136]
1080
-
- King Inge the Elder refuses to perform pagan rites of sacrifice at Uppsala temple. His half-brother Blot-Sven becomes new king, and Inge flees to Västergötland. [47.27] [48.39] [232.136]
1081
-
- The English bishop Eskil is murdered. He is buried in Tuna, which is then renamed Eskilstuna. [47.27]
1083
-
- King Inge regains power from Blot-Sven. The temple at Uppsala is destroyed, and construction of a church on the site is initiated. [47.27] [48.39] [232.136]
1103
-
- A provincial archbishopric seat is established at Lund, to serve Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. [47.27] [48.44]
1110
-
- King Inge, last of the sons of Stenkil Ragnvaldsson, dies. His sons become co-regents. [47.30] [232.136]
1120
-
- The last grandson of Stenkil dies. [47.30]
1123
-
- Norwegian king Sigurd Jorsalafar enters Småland to convert the heathens to Christianity. (This is the last Christian missionary to Sweden.) [303.73]
1132
-
- Sverker, a nobleman of a tribe of Östergötland magnates, marries the widow of the last Stenkil king, and is acknowledged as King of Sweden. [1.34] [47.30]
1153
-
- The first synod is established in Linköping, with Nicholas of Albano as Papal legate. [267.23]
1155
- December 24
- Danish Prince Magnus Henriksson arranges the death of Swedish King Sverker, on the evening before Christmas. [1.35] [47.30] (1156 [267.23])
1156
-
- Erik, a nobleman from Västergötland, is acknowledged as new King of Sweden. [47.30] [267.23]
1157
-
- King Erik leaves Sweden on a crusade to convert Finns to Christianity. He leaves bishop Henrik, whi is soon killed. Erik adopts a yellow cross against a blue background as his banner. (This banner will evolve into the Swedish flag.) [159.16] [267.26]
1160
- May 18
- King Erik is killed by the Danish prince. He is buried in the church at Old Uppsala. [47.31] [267.23]
1161
-
- A letter from the Pope to Karl Sverkerson addresses him with the title "Rex Sveorum et Gothorum". [48.66]
1164
-
- Sweden is granted its own archbishop, with Stefan from Alvastra monastery in Östergötland ordained in Old Uppsala. [1.35] [48.44] [232.116] [267.23]
- Swedes attack at Lake Ladoga. [1.37]
1167
-
- Knut, son of Eric the Saint, kills Swedish King Karl, son of Sverker. [1.35]
1172
-
- Knut Eriksson (son of King Erik) is acknowledged new king of the Svear and Götar. [47.31] [232.115]
1187
-
- Finish or Estonian raiders sack and burn the city of Sigtuna. [47.43] [48.27]
1196
-
- King Knut Eriksson dies. [47.31]
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