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What happened in history on this day: October 27?
On October 27 in ...
- 312 - Emperor Constantine the Great defeats Emperor Maxentius at Milvian Bridge.
- 625 - Honorius I begins his reign as Catholic Pope.
- 1449 - Ulugh Beg a USSR astronomer, dies at age 56.
- 1553 - Michael Servetus, Spanish physician, burns at stake in Geneva, Switzerland for heresy and blasphemy for his speculations on the nature of the Trinity.
- 1644 - King Charles of England with army of 10,000 meets 17,000-man army of Parliament at Newbury; following battle, the King withdraws to Oxford.
- 1659 - Quakers Marmaduke Stevenson and William Robinson are hanged in Boston for returning to Massachusetts after being banished.
- 1728 - Birth of James Cook captain/explorer, discovered Sandwich Islands.
- 1775 - US Navy is established.
- 1782 - Birth of Niccolo Paganini in Genoa, Italy; composer/violin virtuoso (Princess Lucca).
- 1787 - Federalist letters start appearing in New York newspapers.
- 1795 - Treaty of San Lorenzo, provides free navigation of Mississippi River.
- 1810 - US annexes West Florida from Spain.
- 1811 - Birth of Issac Merrit Singer; inventor (first practical home sewing machine).
- 1828 - Benjamin Parks claims a gold discovery in Georgia, USA.
- 1833 - Antonio López de Santa Anna becomes President (3rd time) of Mexico.
- 1844 - Birth of Klas Arnoldson in Sweden; politician/pacifist (Nobel Prize 1908).
- 1858 - Birth of Theodore Roosevelt; (Republican) 26th US President (1901-09) (Nobel Prize 1906).
- 1858 - RH Macy and Company opens first store (6th Avenue, New York City); gross receipts $1106.
- 1871 - Boss Tweed (William Macy Tweed), Democratic leader of Tammany Hall, is arrested after New York Times exposed his corruption.
- 1872 - Birth of Emily Post; authority on social behavior, writer (Etiquette).
- 1889 - Birth of Enid Bagnold; novelist (1956 Award of Merit).
- 1904 - New York City Mayor George McClellan operates the inaugural run of the city's new subway rapid transit system. The line, operated by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company, travels 9.1 miles through 28 stations, running from lower Manhattan to Harlem. In the evening, the subway opens to the general public, at a cost of 5 cents each.
- 1910 - Birth of Fred de Cordova; film/TV producer (The Tonight Show).
- 1910 - Birth of Jack Carson in Manitoba, Canada; actor (A Star is Born, Mildred Pierce).
- 1911 - Birth of Leif Erickson in California, USA; actor (Invaders from Mars, On the Waterfront).
- 1912 - Birth of Conlon Nancarrow in Texarkana, Arkansas, USA; composer (Soundings 4).
- 1914 - Birth of Dylan Thomas in Swansea, Wales; poet (Child's Christmas in Wales).
- 1916 - First published reference to "jazz" appears (Variety).
- 1917 - Birth of Oliver Tambo; leader of African National Congress.
- 1918 - Birth of Paul Dixon in Earling, Iowa, USA; Ohio talk show host (Paul Dixon Show).
- 1918 - Birth of Teresa Wright in New York City, New York, USA; actress (Pride of the Yankees).
- 1920 - Birth of Nanette Fabray in San Diego, California, USA; actress (One Day at a Time).
- 1920 - League of Nations moves headquarters to Geneva, Switzerland.
- 1922 - Birth of Ralph Kiner; home run hitter (Pittsburgh Pirates), sportscaster (New York Mets).
- 1923 - Birth of Roy Lichtenstein; US pop art painter, painted comic book panels.
- 1923 - Birth of Ruby Dee in Cleveland, Ohio, USA; actress (Raisin in the Sun, Cat People).
- 1924 - The Uzbek SSR forms.
- 1925 - Birth of Jane Connell in Oakland, California, USA; actress (Jane - Stanley, Bridget - Dumpling).
- 1925 - Birth of Mary Kay Steans in Glendale, California, USA; actress (Mary Kay and Johnny).
- 1925 - Water skis patented by Fred Waller.
- 1926 - Birth of Harry R Haldeman; White House Chief of Staff, Watergate figure.
- 1927 - Birth of Dominick Argento in York, Pennsylvania, USA; composer (Colonel Jonathan the Saint).
- 1928 - Birth of Kyle Rote; football half-back (New York Giants 1951-61).
- 1930 - Birth of Bill George; NFL linebacker (Chicago Bears, Los Angeles Rams).
- 1931 - Chuhei Numbu of Japan sets long jump record at 26 feet 2.25 inches.
- 1932 - Birth of Jean-Pierre Cassel in Paris, France; actor (The Trout).
- 1932 - Birth of Sylvia Plath; American poet (Bell Jar).
- 1933 - Birth of Floyd Cramer in Louisiana, USA; country pianist ("Last Date", "On the Rebound").
- 1936 - American Wallis Simpson (future wife of King Edward VIII) is granted a divorce in Ipswich, England, from Ernest Simpson based on phony adultery claim.
- 1938 - DuPont announces its new synthetic fiber will be called "nylon".
- 1939 - Birth of John Cleese; comedian/actor (Monty Python's Flying Circus, Fawlty Towers).
- 1940 - Birth of Lee Greenwood; country singer ("God Bless the USA").
- 1941 - Chicago Daily Tribune editorializes there will not be war with Japan.
- 1945 - Birth of Carrie Snodgress in Park Ridge, Illinois, USA; actress (Diary of a Mad Housewife).
- 1946 - Birth of Steven R Nagel in Canton, Illinois, USA; US Air Force/astronaut (STS 51-G, STS 61-A, STS 37).
- 1946 - Birth of Terry J Hart in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; astronaut (STS 41C).
- 1947 - You Bet Your Life, with Groucho Marx, premieres on ABC radio.
- 1947 - Birth of Terry Anderson; AP correspondant/US hostage held in Lebanon (1984-).
- 1948 - Israel recaptures Nizzanim in the Negev.
- 1951 - Birth of Jayne Kennedy in Washington, DC, USA; actress (Penitentiary).
- 1953 - Birth of Michael A Baker in Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Lieutenant Commander US Navy/astronaut (STS 43).
- 1953 - Birth of Peter Firth in Bradford, England; actor (Equus, Lifeforce, Tess).
- 1953 - CBS premieres the U.S. Steel Hour 60-minute anthology TV show.
- 1954 - The ABC TV network airs the first Disneyland TV show, on Wednesday night, 7:30 to 8:30. The first episode is titled The Disneyland Story. Approximately 30.8 million American viewers watch the show.
- 1955 - Clark Griffith, baseball player/manager (New York Yankees), dies at age 85.
- 1958 - Birth of Hazell Dean; rocker ("Always Doesn't Mean Forever").
- 1958 - Birth of Simon Le Bon; rocker (Duran, Duran - "Hungry Like the Wolf").
- 1959 - Rare Pacific hurricane kills 2,000 in Western Mexico.
- 1961 - First Saturn launch vehicle makes an unmanned flight test.
- 1961 - American Basketball League starts play.
- 1961 - Outer Mongolia and Mauritania become the 102nd and 103rd members of United Nations.
- 1962 - Soviet Union leasder Nikita Khrushchev publicly calls for the dismantling of U.S. missile bases in Turkey. US President Kennedy agrees to remove the sites at a later date.
- 1962 - Fatso Marco, comedian (Milton Berle Show), dies at age 56.
- 1963 - Birth of Deborah Moore in London, England; actress (Danielle - Days of Our Lives).
- 1964 - Sammee Tong, actor (Bachelor Father, Mickey), dies at age 63.
- 1967 - Expo '67 closes in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- 1968 - Death of Lise Meitner in Cambridge, England; scientist, proposed term fission, co-discoverer of uranium fission (Enrico Fermi Award 1966).
- 1969 - Ralph Nader sets up a consumer organization known as Nader's Raiders.
- 1969 - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines gains associated status with Britain.
- 1971 - Republic of the Congo becomes Republic of Zaïre.
- 1972 - Lew Parker, actor (Lou Marie - That Girl), dies a day before turning 65.
- 1973 - First time New York Islanders beat the New York Rangers: 3-2.
- 1973 - Alabama sets offensive record (828 yards), beats Virginia Tech 77-6.
- 1973 - In Canon City, Colorado, USA a building is hit by a falling meteorite.
- 1977 - NASA launches space vehicle S-200.
- 1978 - Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin win the Nobel Peace Prize for their progress toward achieving a Middle East accord.
- 1978 - US President Jimmy Carter signs Hawkins-Humphrey full employment bill.
- 1979 - New York Islanders score two goals within 6 seconds, three goals within 44 seconds.
- 1979 - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines becomes independent of United Kingdom.
- 1979 - Voluntary Euthanasia Society publishes how-to-do-it suicide guide.
- 1980 - Death of John Hasbrouck van Vleck, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1899).
- 1980 - Six Provisional Irish Republican Army prisoners in Maze prison refuse food and demand status as political prisoners.
- 1980 - Death of Steve Peregrin Took, British musician (T. Rex) (born 1949).
- 1980 - Dave Gryllis sets world bicycle speed record of 94.37 kph.
- 1981 - A Soviet submarine runs aground outside Karlskrona, Sweden, military base.
- 1981 - Andrew Young, former United Nations Ambassador, elected mayor of Atlanta, Georgia.
- 1982 - In Canada, Dominion Day is officially renamed to Canada Day.
- 1982 - China announces its population at over one billion people.
- 1982 - (to October 29) In New York City, Bowers and Ruddy Galleries conducts The United States Gold Coin Sale, known as the Eliasberg Sale. Total auction sales: $12.4 million, a record for a single coin auction session. Some highlights:
- 1870-S $3, believed unique: $687,500, highest amount paid for a single US Mint coin;
- 1822 $5, VF-30, one of three known: $687,500;
- 1825/4 $5, PR-60: $220,000;
- 1854-S $5, AU-50: $187,000;
- 1839 $10, PR-65, head of 1838, large letters, one of three known: $121,000;
- 1907 $20, ultra-high relief, roman numerals: $242,000;
- 1927-D $20, MS-65: $176,000.
- 1983 - Pope John Paul II visits his would-be assassin Mehmet Ali Agca in prison to forgive him.
- 1984 - Washington State's Rueben Mayes sets college football record of 357 yards rushing.
- 1985 - In Algeria, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake occurs.
- 1985 - Kansas City Royals beat Saint Louis Cardinals, 4 games to 3 (a score of 11-0 in the final game) in 82nd World Series. Kansas City is the first team World Series history to lose the first two games at home and then come back to win the World Championship.
- 1986 - International World Day of Prayer is held in Assisi, Italy.
- 1986 - The New York Mets win the Major League Baseball World Series, defeating the Boston Red Sox in 7 games.
- 1986 - "Big Bang" in the London Stock Exchange abolishes fixed commission charges, paving the way for electronic trading.
- 1987 - South Korean voters overwhelmingly approve a new constitution.
- 1988 - The 10th season of TV show Knots Landing begins.
- 1988 - S.B. Fuller, founder of Fuller products, dies at age 83.
- 1990 - In Canada, 18 people share a Canadian record CDN$19.8 million Lotto 6/49 jackpot.
- 1990 - Elliott Roosevelt, son of Franklin Roosevelt, dies at age 80.
- 1990 - Xavier Cugart, bandlander, dies from heart failure at age 90.
- 1990 - The Supreme Soviet of Kyrgyzstan chooses Askar Akayev as the republic's first president.
- 1990 - The New Zealand general election returns the New Zealand National Party with record number of 67 seats.
- 1991 - Minnesota Twins beat Atlanta Braves 1-0 in ten innings to win the 8th World Series in seven games.
- 1991 - The first free parliamentary elections are held in Poland.
- 1991 - Turkmenistan declares its independence from the Soviet Union.
- 1992 - Death of David Bohm, American-born physicist, philosopher, and neuropsychologist (born 1917).
- 1996 - Death of Morey Amsterdam at age 87 after a heart attack; actor/comedian (Buddy Sorrell - The Dick Van Dyke Show).
- 1997 - Stock markets around the world crash because of a global economic crisis scare. The Dow Jones Industrial Average follows suit and plummets 554.26, or 7.18 percent, to 7,161.15. The points loss exceeds the loss from Black Monday. Officials at the New York Stock Exchange for the first time invoke the "circuit breaker" rule to stop trading.
- 1998 - New German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder and his liberal SPD-Green Coalition take office.
- 1999 - Gunmen open fire in the Armenian Parliament, killing Prime Minister Vazgen Sarkisian, Parliament Chairman Karen Demirchian, and six other members.
- 1999 - The New York Yankees complete a four-game sweep of the Atlanta Braves to win their second consecutive World Series of baseball.
- 2001 - Former German chancellor, Helmut Kohl, is awarded the Westphalien Peace Prize in recognition of his effort for German reunification.
- 2002 - The Anaheim Angels defeat the San Francisco Giants in Game 7 of the 2002 World Series of baseball to win the title.
- 2004 - The Boston Red Sox win American baseball's World Series for the first time since 1918, defeating the Saint Louis Cardinals in four games. Curt Schilling becomes the first starting pitcher to win a World Series for three different teams.
- 2004 - Barry Bonds' 700th home run ball sells for US$804,129 in an online auction.
- 2004 - Details of the discovery of a new, recent species of fossil hominid, Homo floresiensis, from the island of Flores, Indonesia, are published.
- 2005 - Harriet Miers withdraws her name from consideration for the Supreme Court of the United States.
- 2005 - Two teenagers accidentally electrocute themselves in Seine-Saint-Denis, Paris, France, leading to widespread rioting.
- 2006 - At the Busch Stadium, the Saint Louis Cardinals beat the heavily favored Detroit Tigers, 4-2, in Game 5 of the Fall Classic to win the 2006 World Series of baseball. The Cardinals, who lost ten of their last 14 regular season games, won less games than any World Series champion in baseball history.
- 2008 - The Toronto stock market's S&P/TSX composite index suffers its fourth-largest one-day loss ever, falling 756.75 points or 8.14 per cent to close at 8,537.34, the lowest close in more than four years. Japan's Nikkei index falls 6.4 percent to a 26-year low, and Hong Kong's Hang Seng index drops 12.7 percent.
- 2008 - The Royal Canadian Mint releases its third (and world's third) colored circulating coin, with a red poppy honboring the 90th anniversary of the end of World War I.
- 2010 - Death of Néstor Kirchner, 54th President of Argentina (born 1950).
- 2010 - (to October 31) The Joburg 2010 stamp show is held in South Africa. Included is a 90-feet wide by 20-feet high stamp mosaic created from 201,000 cancelled South Africa stamps. The mosaic established a new record with the Guiness World Records.
- 2011 - After an emergency meeting in Brussels, the European Union announces an agreement to tackle the European sovereign debt crisis which includes a writedown of 50 percent of Greek bonds, a recapitalisation of European banks and an increase of the bailout fund of the European Financial Stability Facility totaling 1 trillion euros.
- 2017 - Based on the results of a previously held referendum, Catalonia declares independence from Spain, but the Catalan Republic is not recognised by the Spanish government or any other sovereign nation.
- 2017 - Death of Katalin Szoke, Hungarian Olympic swimmer (born 1935).
- 2018 - 11 people are killed during the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting at the Tree of Life Synagogue.
- 2018 - Michael D. Higgins is officially declared President of Ireland after receiving 822,566 first preference votes.
- 2019 - U.S. President Donald Trump announces that the leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, was killed in a U.S. special forces operation. It was reported that al-Baghdadi detonated a suicide vest after being chased into a tunnel.
- 2019 - Presidential election in Argentina won by Alberto Fernández with 48 percent of votes, to incumbent Mauricio Macri with 40 percent.
- 2022 - Elon Musk completes purchase of social media company Twitter, for US$44 billion.
- 2023 - Category 5 Hurricane Otis strikes Acapulco, Mexico, killing 45 people.
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