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What happened in history on this day: November 23?
On November 23 in ...
- 602 - Phocas is crowned emperor of Byzantine Empire.
- 912 - Birth of Otto I (the Great), German king, Holy Roman emperor (962-73).
- 1221 - Birth of Alfonso X (the Wise) king of Castile and Leon (1252).
- 1499 - In England, Perkin Warbeck is executed for treason. Warbeck claimed to be Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York.
- 1553 - Birth of Prospero Alpini Italy, botanist/physician (De Medocoma Aegyptorum).
- 1682 - The Penny Post mail service begun by William Dockwra in 1680 is re-opened as part of government postal service operated by the Duke of York.
- 1749 - Birth of Edward Rutledge (Governor-South Carolina) signed Declaration of Independence.
- 1765 - People of Frederick County Maryland refuse to pay England's Stamp tax.
- 1804 - Birth of Franklin Pierce in Hillsborough, New Hampshire, USA; 14th US President (1853-1857) (dies 1869).
- 1814 - Death of Elbridge Thomas Gerry, American statesman and diplomat, Governor of Massachusetts (1810-11), Vice President (1813-14), at age 70.
- 1832 - French take Antwerp in liberation of Belgium.
- 1835 - Henry Burden of Troy, New York, patents horseshoe manufacturing machine.
- 1837 - Birth of Javan der Waals Holland; physicist (Continuity of Liquid and Gaseous States).
- 1837 - British House of Commons forms committee to study problems of Post Office, in response to publication of schoolmaster Rowland Hill's pamphlet on postal reform.
- 1852 - Just past midnight, a sharp jolt causes Lake Merced to drop 30 feet (9m).
- 1860 - Birth of Karl Branting in Sweden; statesman/diplomat (Nobel Peace Prize 1921).
- 1860 - Jamaica issues its first postage stamps, denominated 1, 2, 4, 6 pence, and 1 shilling.
- 1862 - Birth of Alberto Williams in Buenos Aires, Argentina; composer (Etrerno Reposo).
- 1863 - Patent granted for a process of making color photographs.
- 1868 - Louis Ducos du Hauron patents trichrome color photo process.
- 1876 - Birth of Manuel de Falla in Cádiz, Spain; composer (El Amor Brujo).
- 1876 - Columbia, Harvard and Princeton form Intercollegiate Football Association.
- 1883 - Birth of Jose Clemente in Orozco, Mexico; painter (Epic of Culture in New World).
- 1887 - Birth of Boris Karloff AKA William H Pratt in Dulwich, England; actor (Frankenstein) (dies 1969).
- 1887 - Notre Dame loses its first football game 8-0 to Michigan.
- 1888 - Birth of Harpo Marx [Adolph] in New York City, New York, USA; actor/comedian (Marx brothers) (dies 1964).
- 1889 - The first jukebox makes its debut at the Palais Royale Saloon in San Francisco, California. For a nickel, one can listen to a few minutes of music through a tube of an Edison tinfoil phonograph.
- 1894 - Birth of Ture Persson in Sweden; sprinter (Olympic-silver-1912).
- 1899 - First jukebox (Palais Royal Hotel, San Francisco, California).
- 1903 - Birth of Victor Jory; actor (Gone With the Wind, Papillon, Dodge City).
- 1903 - Enrico Caruso makes his US debut (Metropolitan Opera House, New York) in Rigoletto.
- 1904 - Games of the III Olympiad close in Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
- 1905 - Henry Watson Furness, an Indiana physician, named minister of Haiti.
- 1909 - 18.2 cm (7.17 inches) of rainfall, in Rattlesnake Creek, Idaho (state record).
- 1915 - Birth of Esther Loretta Ray AKA Ellen Drew in Kansas City, Missouri, USA; actress (Isle of the Dead, Christmas in July).
- 1915 - Birth of John Dehner in Staten Island, New York, USA; Disney animator, radio deejay, actor (Gunsmoke, Palladin in CBS Radio's Have Gun Will Travel, Young Maverick, Big Hawaii, Bare Essence, How the West was Won, Temperatures Rising, Doris Day Show, Don Knotts Show.
- 1917 - Birth of George O'Hanlon in Brooklyn, New York, USA; actor (Calvin - Life of Riley, George Jetson - The Jetsons).
- 1917 - Birth of Michael Gough in Malaya; actor (Search for the Nile).
- 1920 - Birth of Paul Celan; Romanian poet (Collected Prose).
- 1926 - Birth of Don Gordon in Los Angeles, California, USA; actor (Prentiss - Lucan).
- 1928 - Birth of Jerry Bock; American Broadway composer (Fiddler on the Roof).
- 1930 - Birth of Robert Easton in Milwaukee, USA; actor (Someone Up There Likes Me).
- 1930 - Birth of William E Brock; American politician (Senator-Democrat-)/US Secretary of Labor (1985-87).
- 1930 - New York Giants' Hap Moran runs 91 yards for a touchdown from a scrimmage.
- 1931 - Birth of Yevgeni Grischin in USSR; 500m/1500m speed skater (Olympics-gold-1956, 1960).
- 1933 - Birth of Hayes Jenkins; American figure skater (Olympic-gold-1956).
- 1933 - Birth of Krzysztof Penderecki in Debica, Poland; composer (Hiroshima Threnody).
- 1935 - Birth of Vladislav N Volkov; Soviet cosmonaut (Soyuz 7, 11) (dies 1971).
- 1936 - First issue of Life, picture magazine created by Henry R Luce.
- 1938 - Birth of Oscar Robertson; NBA guard (Cincinatti Royals, Milwaukee Bucks, Olympic-gold-1960).
- 1939 - Birth of Susan Anspach in New York City, New York, USA; actress (Grace - Yellow Rose, Blume in Love).
- 1940 - Romania joins the Tripartite Pact.
- 1940 - Birth of Gosta Pettersson in Sweden; cyclist (Olympic-silver-1968).
- 1942 - Soviet forces complete encircling German forces in Stalingrad, holding 250,000 Germans and Romanians in 22 divisions in a 25 by 30 mile oval.
- 1942 - Coast Guard Woman's Auxiliary (SPARS) authorized.
- 1942 - Steward Poon Lim set adrift for 133 days after his boat is torpedoed.
- 1943 - Birth of Andrew Goodman; US civil rights worker, murdered in 1964.
- 1943 - US forces seize control of Tarawa and Makin from Japanese.
- 1943 - (evening) British bombers again attack Berlin, Germany, doing great damage. In this and the past night, over 30 major industrial complexes are destroyed, 9,000 people are killed or injured, and 200,000 are made homeless.
- 1945 - Birth of Steve Landesberg in Bronx, New York, USA; comedian/actor (Barney Miller).
- 1947 - Washington Redskins' Sammy Baugh passes for six touchdowns versus Chicago Cardinals (45-21).
- 1948 - Lens to provide zoom effects patented-FG Back.
- 1951 - Birth of David Rappaport in London, England; midget actor (Wizard, Time Bandits).
- 1951 - Birth of Bernd Landvoigt in German Democratic Republic; coxless pairs (Olympics-gold-1976).
- 1951 - Birth of Jorg Landvoigt in the German Democratic Republic; coxless pairs (Olympics-gold-1976).
- 1952 - Birth of Francie Larrieu Smith; American track runner (Amateur Athletic Union 1 mile-1979).
- 1954 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes for the first time above the peak it reached just before the 1929 crash.
- 1955 - British transfer Cocos (Keeling) Island in Indian Ocean to Australia.
- 1956 - Birth of Michael Brainard in Louisiana, USA; actor (Joey Martin - All My Children).
- 1956 - Birth of Shane Gould in Australia; 200m/400m freestyle swimmer (Olympics-gold-1972).
- 1958 - Birth of David Wallace in Miami, Florida, USA; actor (General Hospital, Babysitter, Humongus).
- 1959 - Birth of Maxwell Caulfield in Derbyshire, England; actor (Miles - The Colbys).
- 1960 - Tiros 2, a weather satellite is launched.
- 1962 - Gloria Gordon, actress (My Friend Irma), dies at age 81.
- 1963 - BBC debuts the sci-fi TV series Doctor Who.
- 1963 - Horatio Alger Society is founded.
- 1964 - Beatles release "I Feel Fine" and "She's a Woman".
- 1964 - Birth of Boyd Kestner; actor (Outsiders).
- 1968 - Milwaukee Bucks make their first NBA trade, giving Bob Love and Bob Weiss to Chicago Bulls for Flynn Robinson.
- 1971 - People's Republic of China seated in United Nations Security Council.
- 1972 - Marie Wilson, actress (My Friend Irma), dies at age 56.
- 1975 - Bob Thomas of Chicago Bears kicks 55-yard field goal.
- 1976 - Andre Malraux, French novelist/art historian/puplic office ("The Voices of Silence"), dies at age 75.
- 1977 - In Argentina, a magnitude 7.4 earthquake occurs, centered in the area of Bermejo and Caucete. The death toll is 70, at least 300 injured, and extensive damage in many of the surrounding areas.
- 1977 - European weather satellite Meteosat 1 is launched from Cape Canaveral.
- 1979 - In Dublin, Ireland, Provisional Irish Republican Army member Thomas McMahon is sentenced to life in prison for the assassination of Lord Mountbatten of Burma.
- 1979 - Death of Merle Oberon at age 68, British actress (Assignment Foreign Legion) (born 1911).
- 1980 - In Southern Italy, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake occurs. Over 3,000 people killed, about 1,900 missing, 7,750 injured, 250,000 homeless and extensive damage.
- 1981 - US President Ronald Reagan signs the top secret National Security Decision Directive 17 (NSDD-17), giving the Central Intelligence Agency the authority to recruit and support Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
- 1982 - New York Islanders and Minnesota North Stars play to an 8-8 tie.
- 1982 - Reverend Grady Nutt, actor (Hee Haw), dies at age 47.
- 1983 - Paramount releases the film Terms of Endearment to theaters.
- 1985 - Birth of Ahn Hyun-Soo; South Korean short track skater.
- 1985 - EgyptAir Flight 648 jet, hijacked by Abu Nidal group and flown to Malta, is stormed by Egyptian commandos; 60 are killed by gunfire and explosions.
- 1985 - Retired US Central Intelligence Agency analyst Larry Wu-tai Chin is arrested for spying for China.
- 1987 - Death of Marcia Henderson at age 58 in Yakima, Washington, USA; actress (Kathleen - The Aldrich Family, Two Girls Named Smith, World of Giants, Dear Phoebe).
- 1988 - In South Africa President Botha reprieves the Sharpeville Six.
- 1988 - Wayne Gretzky scores his 600th NHL goal.
- 1988 - New York Yankees sign free agent second-baseman Steve Sax to three-year contract.
- 1988 - Former Korean president Chun Doo Hwan publicly apologizes for corruption during his presidency, announcing he will go into exile.
- 1989 - Pilots Union give up sympathy strike against Eastern Airlines.
- 1990 - Bo Diaz, catcher, crushed to death by a satellite dish at age 37.
- 1990 - Roald Dahl, British short story writer, dies at age 74 (born 1916).
- 1990 - The first all-female expedition (three Americans, one Japanese and twelve Russians) to the south pole set off from Antarctica on the first leg of a 70-day, 1287-kilometre ski trek.
- 1991 - Evander Hollyfield retains heavyweight boxing title, knocks out Bert Cooper in seven rounds.
- 1991 - Square releases the Final Fantasy II video game for the Super NES video game system in the US.
- 1994 - Death of Art Barr, American professional wrestler (born 1966).
- 1996 - The Republic of Angola officially joins the World Trade Organization, as Angola.
- 1998 - According to UNSCOM, Iraq once again ends cooperation with the United Nations inspectors, alternately intimidating and withholding information from them.
- 1998 - Nintendo releases the Game Boy Color handheld video game system in the USA. Price is US$79.95.
- 2002 - The Chinese ship Shunkai No 1 collides with Maltese-registered oil tanker MV Tasman Sea anchored off the coast 25 miles east of Tianjin in north China, spreading an oil slick 4km by 2.2km across the Bohai sea.
- 2003 - The Georgian Rose Revolution ends with overwhelming victory - president Eduard Shevardnadze resigns following weeks of mass protests over fraudulent elections.
- 2003 - A total solar eclipse is seen over Antarctica.
- 2004 - In England, Alex Ferguson takes charge of his 1,000th game as manager of Manchester United.
- 2004 - Death of Rafael Eitan, Israeli politician (born 1929).
- 2005 - Death of Beverly Tyler at age 78 of a pulmonary embolism; actress/vocalist (Shower of Stars TV show, Cavalcade of Stars, Lorelei Kilbourne - Big Town TV show).
- 2006 - Alexander Litvinenko, a former Russian KGB agent, is killed by Polonium-210 in a London sushi bar.
- 2006 - A series of car bombs and mortar attacks in Sadr City, Baghdad, kill at least 215 people and injure 257 others.
- 2008 - Fernando Verdasco of Spain wins the Davis Cup tennis title, defeating Jose Acasuso of Argentina, 6-3, 6-7 (3), 4-6, 6-3, 6-1 at Islas Malvinas Stadium in Mal del Plate, Argentina.
- 2008 - The U.S government rescues Citigroup Inc, agreeing to assume losses on about $250 billion of the bank's risky assets, and inject new capital of $20 billion.
- 2008 - The Calgary Stampeders defeat the Montreal Alouettes 22-14 to win the 96th Canadian Football League's Grey Cup game.
- 2009 - In the Philippines, at least 57 are abducted and killed in an election-related massacre in the province of Maguindanao.
- 2010 - North Korea shells South Korean island of Yeonpyeong for 65 minutes, killing 4, injuring 18, prompting a military response by South Korea.
- 2018 - Death of Nicolas Roeg at age 90; director (Walkabout movie, Don't Look Now movie).
- 2019 - The last known Sumatran rhinoceros in Malaysia dies.
- 2019 - An independence referendum begins in Bougainville, Papua New Guinea. Voters overwhelmingly choose independence.
- 2020 - AstraZeneca's AZD1222 vaccine, developed in collaboration with Oxford University, is shown to be 70% effective in protecting against COVID-19. The efficacy can be raised to 90% if an initial half dose is followed by a full dose a month later, based on interim data.
- 2021 - A bus crashes in Pernik Province, Bulgaria, killing 46 Macedonian tourists returning from Istanbul.
- 2021 - Death of Chun Doo-hwan at age 90, 5th President of South Korea (1979-1987) (born 1931).
- 2021 - Death of Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, 2nd Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (born 1931).
- 2022 - Over 30,000 cases of Covid-19 are recorded in the People's Republic of China, a one-day record.
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