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What happened in history on this day: July 1?
On July 1 in ...
- 69 - Roman general Titus Flavius Vespasianus is proclaimed emperor.
- 1410 - Polish army begins crossing the Vistula River at town of Czerwinsk, meeting up with Lithuanian forces.
- 1535 - Sir Thomas More goes on trial in England charged with treason.
- 1646 - Birth of Gottfried Leibniz in Leipzig; German mathematician/philosopher, inventor of differential and integral calculus, postulated monads.
- 1690 - Army of England's Protestant King William III defeats Roman Catholic King James II in Battle of the Boyne in Ireland (Now celebrated on July 12 as "The Battle of the Orange").
- 1758 - King Friedrich ends the siege of Olmütz, a failure.
- 1788 - Birth of Jean-Victor Poncelet; mathematician, founded projective geometry.
- 1795 - John Rutledge becomes second chief justice of US Supreme Court.
- 1804 - Birth of George Sand in France; novelist (Valentine, Le Figaro).
- 1807 - Birth of Thomas Green Clemson; mining engineer, endowed Clemson University.
- 1810 - Birth of Walter White; secretary (NAACP).
- 1816 - French frigate Medusa runs aground off Cap Blanc Gross; basis of Géricault's book Raft of the Medusa.
- 1823 - United Provinces of Central America gains independence from Mexico.
- 1836 - US Congress accepts the bequest of deceased British scientist James Smithson, to use his donation of 100,000 gold sovereigns (converted to US$508,318 in US coins) to establish the Smithsonian Institution.
- 1845 - Basel issues its first and only postage stamps, the first multi-colored stamps, in black, red, and blue.
- 1847 - First US postage stamps go on sale in New York City: 5-cent Benjamin Franklin and 10-cent George Washington. Franklin is the first person in the world other than a head of state to appear on a stamp.
- 1847 - Amateur astronomer M Hencke discovers second asteroid Hebe.
- 1849 - Belgium issues its first postage stamps: 10, 20-centime denomination, depicting King Leopold I.
- 1853 - Chile issues its first postage stamps: 5, 10-centavo denominations, depicting Christopher Columbus.
- 1855 - Sweden issues its first postage stamps.
- 1857 - Birth of Roger Connor; first baseman (New York Giants).
- 1859 - First intercollegiate baseball game, Amherst beats Williams 66-32.
- 1862 - US Congress outlaws polygamy.
- 1862 - Day seven of the Seven Days - Battle of Malvern Hill.
- 1863 - The Battle of Gettysburg begins in Pennsylvania, as a Confederate division under General Henry Heth clashes with three brigades of USA cavalry.
- 1863 - Free city delivery of mail begins in 49 US cities; postage 3 cents per ounce.
- 1867 - Dominion of Canada formed (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario and Québec).
- 1869 - US mint at Carson City, Nevada opens.
- 1872 - Birth of Louis Blériot; first man to fly an airplane across English Channel.
- 1873 - Prince Edward Island becomes 7th Canadian province.
- 1874 - First US kidnapping for ransom, 4-year-old Charles Ross, $20,000.
- 1875 - General Union of Posts comes into effect, standardizing letter and postcard rates between member countries.
- 1879 - Birth of Léon Jouhaux in France; socialist, cofounded United Nations's ILO (Nobel Prize 1951).
- 1881 - The world's first international telephone call takes place between Saint Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, and Calais, Maine, United States.
- 1881 - Haiti issues its first postage stamps, depicting a Liberty head.
- 1884 - V Knorre discovers asteroid #238 Hypatia.
- 1889 - Frederick Douglass named US Minister to Haiti.
- 1890 - Canada and Bermuda are linked by telegraph cable.
- 1891 - US Weather Bureau formally established under Department of Agriculture.
- 1892 - Birth of James M Cain in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; novelist (Postman Always Rings Twice).
- 1893 - San Francisco Bay City Club opens first US bicycle race track, made of wood.
- 1896 - The Federated Malay States forms from Negri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, and Selangor.
- 1898 - Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough Riders charge up San Juan Hill.
- 1899 - Birth of Charles Laughton in England; actor (Mutiny on the Bounty).
- 1899 - The Gideon Society is established to place bibles in hotels.
- 1901 - Birth of Irna Phillips in Chicago, Illinois, USA; created six soap operas (Guiding Light).
- 1902 - Birth of Billy Wyler; director (Mrs Miniver).
- 1902 - A fireball is observed over Saint Petersburg, Russia, crashing on to the shore of Ladoga Lake in region of Marialachti Bay. Pallasite-type fragments are distributed over 50m radius, largest found is 22.7kg.
- 1904 - (to November 23) The Games of the III Olympiad are held in St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
- 1907 - Birth of Bill Stern in Rochester, New York, USA; sportscaster (Saturday Night Fights).
- 1908 - Birth of Estee Lauder; CEO (Estee Lauder's cosmetics).
- 1909 - Birth of Madge Evans in New York City, New York, USA; TV panelist (Masquerade Party).
- 1910 - Union of South Africa becomes a dominion.
- 1911 - Birth of Alvino Rey in Cleveland, Ohio, USA; orchestra leader (King Family).
- 1912 - Birth of David Brower; environmentalist, president of Sierra Club.
- 1914 - Birth of Cristyl Cranz in Germany; slalom (Olympic-gold-1936).
- 1915 - Australia begins Commonwealth Lighthouse Service.
- 1915 - Australian Survey Corps becomes part of the Military Forces.
- 1915 - Birth of Willie Dixon in Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA; bassist ("Walkin' the Blues").
- 1916 - Birth of Olivia de Havilland in Tokyo, Japan; actress (The Adventures of Robin Hood).
- 1916 - In one day of fighting the battle of the Somme, British cssualties number 57,000, with 19,000 dead.
- 1917 - Race riots in East Saint Louis, Illinois, USA; 40 to 200 reported killed.
- 1917 - Cincinnati Reds' Fred Toney pitches complete doubleheader victories over Pittsburgh Pirates.
- 1920 - Washington Senators' Walter Johnson no-hits Boston Red Sox, 1-0.
- 1924 - Regular transcontinental airmail service established, New York City to San Francisco.
- 1925 - Birth of Farley Granger; actor (Arnold, Rope).
- 1925 - Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs created in United Kingdom.
- 1926 - Birth of Hans Werner Henze in Güttersloh, Germany; composer (Das Floss Medusa).
- 1926 - Oltre Giuba is incorporated into Italian Somaliland.
- 1930 - Birth of Imelda Marcos; former first lady (Philipines)/shoe collector.
- 1931 - Birth of Leslie Caron in Boulogne-Biliancourt, France; actress (Lili, Father Goose).
- 1931 - Ice vending machines introduced in Los Angeles; 25 pounds for 15 cents.
- 1931 - Boeing Air Transport begin service (later called United Airlines).
- 1931 - Philadelphia Phillies' Chuck Klein hits for the cycle versus Chicago Cubs.
- 1931 - Milan Central Station officially opens in Italy.
- 1932 - Birth of Bobby Day [Robert Byrd) in Fort Worth, Texas, USA; rock vocalist ("Rockin' Robin").
- 1932 - New York Governor Franklin Roosevelt nominated for president at the Democratic Convention in Chicago, Illinois.
- 1933 - G Neujmin discovers asteroid #1590 Tsiolkovskaja.
- 1934 - First x-ray photo of entire body, Rochester, New York.
- 1934 - Birth of Claude Berri in Paris, France; director (Le Sex Shop, L'Homme Blesse).
- 1934 - Birth of Jamie Farr in Toledo, Ohio, USA; actor (Klinger - M*A*S*H, AfterMASH).
- 1934 - Birth of Jean Marsh in London, England; actress (Dark Places, The Eagle has Landed).
- 1934 - Birth of Sydney Pollack; director (Tootsie, Presumed Innocent) (dies 2008).
- 1939 - At wedding of Princess Irene of Greece, Duke of Kent informs cousin Prince Philipp von Hessen of Germany to convey message to Adolf Hitler that if Germany invades Poland, Great Britain would declare war on Germany.
- 1940 - The French government of Marshal Pétain moves to Vichy as the Government of Unoccupied France.
- 1940 - British Admiralty issues orders to its Mediterranean forces to prepare Operation Catapult for July 3, to destroy any French ships whose crews did not disable them.
- 1941 - First commercial TV licenses granted-W2XBS-WNBT (NBC) and WCBW (CBS), New York City.
- 1941 - Birth of Rod Gilbert in Canada; NHL wing (New York Rangers).
- 1941 - Birth of Sally Quinn in Georgia, USA; CBS newscaster (Morning Show).
- 1941 - Birth of Twyla Tharp in Indiana, USA; choreographer (Twyla Tharp Dance Troupe).
- 1941 - Bulova Watch Co. pays $9 for first ever network TV commercial.
- 1942 - Birth of Genevieve Bujold in Montréal, Quebec, Canada; actress (King of Hearts, Choose Me).
- 1942 - Birth of Karen Black in Park Ridge, Illinois, USA; actress (Five Easy Pieces, Trilogy of Horror, Pyx).
- 1944 - Bretton Woods Conference starts, establishing International Monetary Fund and World Bank.
- 1945 - Birth of Deborah Harry; rocker (Blondie - "Heart of Glass"), actor (Videodrome, Hairspray).
- 1946 - Rajah Charles Vyner Brooke of Sarawak cedes sovereignty to the British crown.
- 1946 - US drops atom bomb on Bikini atoll (4th atomic explosion).
- 1947 - British Dominion Affairs office becomes Commonwealth Relations office.
- 1948 - The Universal Postal Union becomes a specialized agency of the United Nations.
- 1949 - Bao Dai's Republic of Vietnam gains independence from France.
- 1951 - Birth of Daryl Anderson in Seattle, Washington, USA; actor (Animal - Lou Grant).
- 1951 - Birth of Fred Schneider; vocals/guitarist (B-52's - "Rock Lobster").
- 1951 - Birth of Trevor Eve in Wales; actor (Shadow Chasers).
- 1951 - Cleveland Indians' Bob Feller third no-hitter beats Detroit Tigers, 2-1.
- 1952 - Birth of Dan Aykroyd in Ottawa, Canada; comedian/actor (Saturday Night Live, Dragnet).
- 1956 - Birth of Lorna Patterson in Whittier, California, USA; actress (Airplane!, Private Benjamin).
- 1956 - Elvis Presley, wearing a tuxedo, appears on The Steve Allen Show.
- 1958 - The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation links television broadcasting across Canada via microwave.
- 1958 - Dr Harry Nicholls Holmes, crystallized vitamin A, dies at age 78.
- 1960 - Birth of Evelyn "Champagne" King in Bronx, New York, USA; singer ("Shame", "I'm In Love").
- 1960 - The former Dominion of Ghana becomes a republic.
- 1960 - Independent Republic of Somalia forms from former Italian colony of Somalia and British Somaliland Protectorate.
- 1961 - Birth of Carl Lewis; American Olympic track and field star (Gold-1984, 1988).
- 1961 - Birth of Lady Diane Spencer; (Princess Di) consort of England (dies 1997).
- 1961 - Haleakala National Park established in Hawaii, USA.
- 1962 - Burundi and Rwanda gain independence from Belgium.
- 1963 - US Post Office Department institutes the "zip" (Zone Improvement Plan) code. The first digit is the geographic area, next two for sectional centers, final two for specific post office.
- 1964 - Birth of Poi Burton; rocker (Transvision Vamp - "Velveteen").
- 1964 - Heinrich Lübke (CDU) is reelected President of the Federal Republic of Germany.
- 1966 - The first color television transmission occurs in Canada, from Toronto.
- 1966 - Medicare goes into effect in the USA.
- 1967 - BBC starts their World Radio Club.
- 1967 - The Beatles' "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" goes #1 for 15 weeks.
- 1967 - The British colony of Saint Lucia becomes an associated state.
- 1967 - Birth of Pamela Anderson in Ladysmith, British Columbia, Canada; model, actress (Home Improvement).
- 1968 - US, Britain, USSR and 58 nations sign Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.
- 1969 - Charles Philip Arthur George invested as Prince of Wales.
- 1971 - The US Post Office Department becomes the US Postal Service.
- 1972 - ABC airs the last Bewitched TV show. A total of 306 episodes aired.
- 1972 - Ms. magazine begins publishing.
- 1973 - First US-China basketball game, US collegiates beats Shanghai 96-61.
- 1973 - The Trilateral Commission is founded, with David Rockefeller as chairman, and Zbigniew Brzezinski as North American director.
- 1974 - Monmouthshire renamed Gwent and becomes part of Wales.
- 1975 - Felix Aguilar Observatory discovers asteroid #2680.
- 1977 - Virginia Wade beats Betty Stove for Wimbeldon's women's singles.
- 1978 - Death of Kurt Student, Luftwaffe general and commander of the German airborne forces during World War II (born 1890).
- 1978 - Former US President Richard Nixon makes first public speech since resigning in 1974.
- 1978 - Northern Territory of Australia becomes self-governing.
- 1979 - Richard Ward, actor (Beacon Hill), dies at age 64.
- 1979 - Near Puerto Armuelles, Panama, a magnitude 6.7 earthquake occurs. The quake is felt strongly in southeastern Costa Rica.
- 1979 - Sony introduces the Walkman portable cassette player in Japan.
- 1979 - Sweden outlaws corporal punishment in the home.
- 1980 - Birth of Patrick Aufiero; American ice hockey player.
- 1980 - Steve Overt runs world record 3:48.8 mile in Oslo, Norway.
- 1981 - Laurel Canyon California murders (four die, one wounded).
- 1981 - George Voskovec, actor (Fred - Nero Wolfe, Peter - Skag), dies at age 76.
- 1982 - Kosmos 1383, first search and rescue satellite, launched.
- 1982 - 2100 Unification Church couples marry in New York City.
- 1983 - A North Korean Ilyushin Il-62M jet en route to Conakry Airport in Guinea, crashes into the Fouta Djall Mountains in Guinea-Bissau, killing all 23 people on board.
- 1983 - The High Court of Australia blocks construction of the Franklin Dam in Tasmania.
- 1983 - Birth of Leeteuk; Korean singer (Super Junior).
- 1983 - Cinematronics releases Dragon's Lair to arcade centers in the USA. It is the first laser-disc-based coin-operated arcade game. Cost per play is 50-cents. Advanced Microcomputer Systems designed the game, with animation provided by Don Bluth Animations.
- 1983 - The 1983 World University Games, also known as Universiade '83, opens in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
- 1983 - Canada first officially celebrates Canada Day, formerly known as Dominion Day.
- 1983 - R. Buckminster Fuller, American inventor/philosopher/architect, dies in Los Angeles, California at age 87 (born 1895).
- 1984 - Death of Moshé Feldenkrais, Ukrainian founder of the Feldenkrais Method (born 1904).
- 1985 - In the USA, regular leaded gasoline at public pumps can only include 0.5 grams of lead per gallon.
- 1986 - Death of Roy Poole at age 62; actor (Winds of War).
- 1987 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan nominates former Solicitor General Robert Bork, a controversial conservative judge and legal scholar, to the U.S. Supreme Court (rejected by the Senate in October).
- 1987 - WHN-AM in New York City changes call letters to WFAN, becomes first 24 hour all sports radio.
- 1987 - The Single European Act is passed by European countries.
- 1989 - NFL owners vote unanimously to form the WLAF.
- 1990 - German Democratic Republic accepts the German Federal Republic's Deutsche Mark as its currency.
- 1990 - In Victoria, Australia, helmetless bike riding becomes illegal.
- 1991 - Michael Landon, American actor (Bonanza, Little House on the Prairie), dies at age 54 from cancer (born 1936).
- 1991 - The Warsaw Pact is officially dissolved at a meeting in Prague.
- 1994 - Palestinian Liberation Organization Chairman Yasser Arafat arrives in Gaza.
- 1995 - Roman Herzog succeeds Richard von Weizäcker as Germany's President (Bundespräsident).
- 1995 - Death of Wolfman Jack AKA Robert Weston Smith at age 57 following a heart attack; disk jockey (XERF, XERB in Mexico), announcer (The Midnight Special TV show).
- 1995 - In response to UNSCOM's evidence, Iraq admits for first time the existence of an offensive biological weapons program, but denies weaponization.
- 1996 - The Northern Territory in Australia legalises voluntary euthanasia.
- 1996 - Death of William T. Cahill, America politician (born 1912).
- 1997 - The United Kingdom hands sovereignty of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China.
- 1997 - Death of Robert Mitchum of lung cancer and emphysema at age 79; actor (The Winds of War TV mini-series, War and Remembrance TV mini-series).
- 1998 - Buena Vista releases the film Armageddon to theaters.
- 1999 - Johannes Rau succeeds Roman Herzog as Germany's President (Bundespräsident).
- 1999 - Death of Sylvia Sidney at age 88; actress (46 years of TV guest appearances, WKRP, Thirtysomething, Fantasy Island).
- 2000 - The Oresund Bridge, connecting Sweden and Denmark, opens for traffic.
- 2000 - Death of Walter Matthau at age 79 from a heart attack; actor (The Odd Couple movie).
- 2001 - Death of Nikolay Basov, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1922).
- 2002 - The International Criminal Court is established to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. Crimes committed on or after this date may be prosecuted by the court.
- 2002 - A Russian passenger jet and a cargo plane collide over the town of Uberlingen in Southern Germany, killing 72.
- 2003 - 500,000 Hong Kong people march to protest Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23, which controversially redefines treason.
- 2004 - The Cassini-Huygens spacecraft arrives at Saturn.
- 2004 - Death of Todor Skalovski, Macedonian composer (born 1909).
- 2004 - Horst Köhler is inaugurated as Germany's President (Bundespräsident).
- 2005 - Microsoft and IBM settle legal claims arising from the US Justice Department's antitrust case against Microsoft in the mid-1990s. Microsoft agrees to pay IBM US$775 million cash and US$75 million in credit toward Microsoft software.
- 2006 - Death of Ryutaro Hashimoto, 53rd Prime Minister of Japan (born 1937).
- 2006 - The Qinghai-Tibet Railway launches a trial operation, connecting China proper and Tibet for the first time.
- 2007 - Smoking is banned in pubs and clubs in New South Wales and Victoria, Australia.
- 2007 - A law goes into effect lowering the voting age in Austria from 18 to 16 in federal elections.
- 2007 - Russia is composed of 85 federal subjects instead of 86 as Koryak Autonomous Okrug and Kamchatka Oblast are merged into the Kamchatka Krai, following a 2005 referendum.
- 2007 - The Concert For Diana is held at Wembley Stadium to commemorate Diana, Princess of Wales.
- 2007 - Hong Kong celebrates ten years of Chinese rule.
- 2007 - Portugal takes over the six-month Presidency of the Council of the European Union from Germany.
- 2007 - Smoking in public and work places is banned in England.
- 2007 - Death of Gottfried von Bismarck, German aristocrat and socialite (born 1962).
- 2008 - Holland America Line's Eurodam cruise ship is officially dedicated by Her Majesty Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands at Wilhelminakade.
- 2008 - France takes over the six-month rotating presidency of the European Union.
- 2008 - The Starbucks coffee company announces it will close an additional 500 stores in the USA, on top of 100 already announced.
- 2008 - In British Columbia, Canada, a new carbon tax is applied to all carbon-based fuels, at a rate of CDN$5 per tonne of greenhouse gases generated (i.e. 2.4 cents per litre on gasoline).
- 2009 - Death of Karl Malden, Hollywood actor (How the West Was Won, Birdman of Alcatraz, Patton, A Streetcar Named Desire, The Streets of San Francisco), president of Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences (1989-92), at his Los Angeles home at age 97.
- 2009 - Death of Alexis Arguello, mayor of Managua, Nicaragua, former champion lightweight boxer, at age 57, of a gunshot.
- 2009 - Crabtree & Evelyn of Connecticut, USA files for bankruptcy protection.
- 2009 - Shares of American International Group drop 22 percent, following shareholder approval of a 1-for-20 reverse stock split, and after the New York Stock Exchange accidentally announced the suspension and delisting of the stock.
- 2009 - Thousands of casinos, slot-machine parlors, and betting halls shut down across Russia, under new law passed three years ago comes into effect, allowing gambling businesses only in four remote regions. An estimated 400,000 people are put out of work.
- 2009 - Sweden assumes the presidency of the European Union.
- 2009 - An Ariane 5 rocket launches from French Guiana, carrying TerreStar-1, the world's biggest commercial telecommunications satellite. The TerreStar Networks' satellite will provide voice, messaging and data connections to the North American market.
- 2009 - Fox releases the film Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs to theaters.
- 2010 - Belgium takes over the Presidency of the Council of the European Union from Spain.
- 2010 - Two suicide bombers carry out an attack on the Data Darbar Sufi Muslim shrine in the eastern Pakistani city of Lahore, killing at least 42 people, injuring at least 175 others.
- 2010 - China's state news agency Xinhua launches the CNC World 24-hour global news television channel in English.
- 2013 - Croatia becomes the 28th member of the European Union.
- 2015 - The Gibe III hydroelectric dam on the Omo River in Ethiopia is completed, the largest in Africa.
- 2016 - Latvia becomes the 35th member of the OECD.
- 2019 - A fire on the Russian deep-diving submarine Losharik kills 14 crew members.
- 2019 - Japan resumes commercial whaling after a 30-year moratorium, following its withdrawal from the International Whaling Commission.
- 2019 - Japan announces tightening high-tech exports to South Korea.
- 2019 - The International Atomic Energy Agency confirms that Iran has breached the limit on its stockpile of enriched uranium.
- 2019 - During the annual July 1 protests that mark the anniversary of the British handover of the city to China, a group of a few hundred protesters storm the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, defacing various portraits and destroying furniture before being dispersed by police using tear gas.
- 2020 - Russian voters back a constitutional amendment that, among other things, enables Vladimir Putin to seek two further six-year terms when his current term ends in 2024, potentially allowing him to remain in power until 2036.
- 2020 - Death of Emmanuel Rakotovahiny, 15th Prime Minister of Madagascar (born 1938).
- 2022 - Yair Lapid beomes prime minister of Israel.
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