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What happened in history on this day: July 28?
On July 28 in ...
- 1165 - Birth of Ibn al-'Arabi Muslim mystic/philosopher.
- 1540 - Thomas Cromwell King Henry VIII's chief minister, executed.
- 1586 - Sir Thomas Harriot introduces potatoes to Europe.
- 1609 - Admiral George Somers settles in Bermuda.
- 1655 - Cyrano de Bergerac French dramatist/novelist, dies in Paris.
- 1746 - Birth of Thomas Heyward soldier, signed Declaration of Independence.
- 1746 - John Peter Zenger journalist, involved in US 1st amendment fight, dies.
- 1750 - Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer (Art of the Fugue), dies at age 65.
- 1794 - Maximilien Robespierre, French revolutionary/avocat, and 22 others executed by guillotine.
- 1821 - Peru declares independence from Spain.
- 1830 - Revolution in France replaces Charles X with Louis Philippe.
- 1844 - Birth of Gerard Manley Hopkins in England; poet (The Windhover).
- 1849 - Memmon is first clipper to reach San Francisco, 120 days out of New York.
- 1851 - Total solar eclipse is captured on a daguerreotype photograph.
- 1858 - First use of fingerprints as a means of identification, by William Herschel of Indian Civil Service at Jungipur.
- 1859 - Birth of Balington Booth; founded Volunteers of America.
- 1862 - Confederate forces defeated at Moore's Hill, Missouri, USA.
- 1866 - Birth of Beatrix Potter in England; children's author (Tale of Peter Rabbit).
- 1866 - Metric system becomes a legal measurement system in US.
- 1874 - Birth of Ernst Cassirer in Germany; philosopher/educator (Essay on Man).
- 1883 - In Ischia, Italy, volcano Epomeo erupts, causing a magnitude 5.6 earthquake. The thermal resort of Casamicciola is devastated, over 2,000 people killed, over 1,200 houses destroyed.
- 1887 - Birth of Marcel Duchamp; painter (Nude Descending a Staircase).
- 1892 - Birth of Joe E Brown in Holgate, Ohio, USA; comedian (Buck Circus Hour).
- 1900 - The hamburger is created by Louis Lassing in Connecticut, USA.
- 1901 - Birth of Rudy Vallee in Vermont, USA; singer ("Vagabond Dreams", "My Time Is Your Time").
- 1907 - Birth of Earl S Tupper; invented Tupperware.
- 1909 - Birth of Malcolm Lowry; novelist (Under the Volcano).
- 1910 - Birth of Bill Goodwin in San Francisco, California, USA; announcer (The Burns and Allen Show radio show, The Bob Hope Radio Show, Boing Boing Show), spokesman (Swan Soap, Maxwell House Coffee, Carnation Evaporated Milk).
- 1911 - Birth of Ann Doran in Amarillo, Texas, USA; actress (Longstreet, Shirley, Twilight Zone, Cagney and Lacey, Hunter, appeared in estimated 500 movies and 1000 TV shows).
- 1911 - Birth of Gerhard Stoeck in Germany; javelin thrower (Olympic-gold-1936).
- 1912 - Birth of Eleazar de Carvalho in Iguat£, Brazil; conductor/tuba (Tiradentes).
- 1913 - US wins its first Davis Cup since 1902, beating England, 3-2.
- 1914 - Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.
- 1914 - The Foxtrot is first danced at New Amsterdam Roof Garden (New York City, by Harry Fox).
- 1914 - Birth of Carmen Dragon in Antioch, California, USA; bandleader (Hollywood Bowl Symphony Orchestra on NBC Radio's Standard Oil Hour, Maxwell House Coffee Time, The Railroad Hour).
- 1915 - 10,000 blacks march on 5th Ave (New York City) protesting lynchings.
- 1915 - Haiti President Vilbrun Guillaume Sam is taken from French Embassy and killed by a mob.
- 1915 - US Marines on US heavy cruiser Washington land in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, to restore order.
- 1916 - Birth of David Brown in New York City, New York, USA; director (Jaws, Planet of the Apes).
- 1916 - Birth of Laird Cregar in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; actor (Charley's Aunt, Hangover Square).
- 1922 - Birth of Jacques Piccard in Switzerland; undersea explorer (bathyscaph Trieste).
- 1922 - Birth of Art Hannes in Kentucky, USA; announcer (The Ed Sullivan Show).
- 1929 - Birth of Jacqueline Lee Bouvier; US first lady (1961-63).
- 1929 - Chicago Cardinals become first NFL team to train out of state (Michigan).
- 1930 - 114 degrees F (46 degrees C), Greensburg, Kentucky (state record high).
- 1930 - Birth of Darryl Hickman in Hollywood, California, USA; actor (Human Comedy, Tea and Sympathy).
- 1931 - Chicago White Sox score 11 runs in 8th inning to beat New York Yankees 14-12.
- 1931 - Birth of Darryl Hickman; actor (A Pup Named Scooby Doo, Jonny Quest).
- 1932 - President Herbert Hoover evicts bonus marchers from their encampment.
- 1933 - NFL divides into two five-team divisions.
- 1934 - 118 degrees F (48 degrees C), Orofino, Idaho (state record).
- 1934 - Birth of Jacques D'Amboise; dancer/educator (New York City Ballet Company).
- 1935 - G Neujmin discovers asteroid #1386 Storeria.
- 1937 - Birth of Peter Duchin in New York City, New York, USA; pianist/bandleader (Peter Duchin Orchestra).
- 1937 - Joseph Lee, father of Playgrounds movement, dies.
- 1938 - K Reinmuth discovers asteroid #1485 Isa.
- 1940 - Birth of Phil Proctor; comedian (Firesign Theater).
- 1940 - New York Yankees player Charle Keller hits three home runs to beat Chicago White Sox 10-9.
- 1941 - Birth of Riccardo Muti in Napoli, Italy; conductor (Philadelphia Orchestra).
- 1942 - Germans liquidate 10,000 Jews in Minsk, Russia.
- 1943 - Birth of Bill Bradley in Crystal City, Missouri, USA; basketball player (New York Knicks), politician (Senator-Democrat-New Jersey), Rhodes scholar.
- 1943 - Birth of Lawrence Elkins; football player FL (Houston Oilers).
- 1943 - Birth of Mike Bloomfield; blues musician (Analine).
- 1943 - Italian Facist dictator Benito Mussolini resigns.
- 1943 - Birth of Rick Wright; keyboardist (Pink Floyd).
- 1943 - President Franklin Roosevelt announces end of coffee rationing in the US.
- 1943 - (0057 hours) 722 British bombers attack Hamburg, Germany, dropping 2326 tons of bombs, creating nine square miles of firestorm, reaching 1800 degrees Fahrenheit, with winds up to 150 MPH feeding the fire. About 40,000 are killed.
- 1944 - Birth of Daniel Morelon in France; 1000km speed skater (Olympic-gold-1968, 1972).
- 1945 - Birth of Jim Davis; cartoonist (Garfield).
- 1945 - Birth of Richard Wright; rocker (Pink Floyd - "The Wall").
- 1945 - US Army bomber crashes into 79th floor of Empire State Building, 14 die.
- 1945 - US Senate ratifies United Nations charter 89-2.
- 1946 - Birth of Linda Kelsey in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; actress (Billie - Lou Grant, Kate - Day by Day).
- 1947 - Birth of Dick Ebersol; TV producer (NBC Olympics, Saturday Night Live).
- 1947 - Birth of Barbara Ferrell; American 400m relay racer (Olympic-gold-1968).
- 1947 - Birth of Elena Novikova-Belova in the USSR; foils (Olympic-gold-1968).
- 1948 - Birth of Sally Struther in Portland, Oregon, USA; actress (Gloria - All in the Family, Gilmore Girls).
- 1948 - Birth of Georgia Engel in Washington DC; actress (Georgette - Mary Tyler Moore Show, Coach).
- 1948 - I.G. Farben chemical plant explodes in Ludwigshafen, Germany, 182 die.
- 1949 - Birth of Vida Blue; major-league pitcher (Cy Young and American League Most Valuable Player 1971).
- 1949 - Birth of Simon Kirke; drummer (Bad Company - "Bad Company").
- 1951 - RKO Radio Pictures releases Disney's animated feature film Alice in Wonderland to theaters in the USA.
- 1954 - Birth of Steve Morse; guitarist (Deep Purple).
- 1957 - Chicago White Sox' James Landis struck out five times in a game.
- 1958 - Birth of Terry Fox; ran "Marathon of Hope" across Canada.
- 1959 - Hawaii's first US election sends first Asian-Americans to Congress.
- 1961 - Birth of Scott E Parazynski in Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; medical doctor/astronaut.
- 1962 - Nineteen die in a train crash in Steelton, Pennsylvania, USA.
- 1963 - Birth of Michael Hayden; actor (Murder One).
- 1964 - Ranger 7 launched toward the Moon.
- 1967 - Birth of Lori Loughlin in New York, USA; actress (Summerland, Full House, Edge of Night, New Kids, Secret Admirer).
- 1968 - Death of Otto Hahn in Göttingen, Germany; scientist, codiscoverer of nuclear fission (1938), Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1944).
- 1971 - Sixteen-time gold glover Brook Robinson commits three errors in 6th inning.
- 1972 - Birth of Elizabeth Berkley; actress (Saved By The Bell).
- 1973 - Skylab 3's astronauts (Bean, Garriott and Lousma) launched.
- 1974 - 69 die when packed bus strikes heavy truck (Belem, Brazil).
- 1974 - Death of Truman Bradley at age 69; radio announcer (Suspense, Science Fiction Theater).
- 1975 - Birth of Todd Anderson; drummer (Heartland).
- 1976 - Eldon Joersz and Geo Morgan set world air speed record of 3,530 kph.
- 1976 - Chicago White Sox player John Odom (5 innings) and Francisco Barrios (4 innings) no-hits Oakland Athletics.
- 1976 - Birth of Jacoby Shaddix; singer (Papa Roach).
- 1977 - First oil flow through the length of the Alaska pipeline.
- 1977 - Roy Wilkins turn over NAACP leadership to Benjamin L Hooks.
- 1978 - Perth Observatory discovers asteroids #3188 and #3422.
- 1978 - Price of gold tops US$200 per ounce level for first time.
- 1979 - Dave Kingman becomes 6th to have a second three home run game.
- 1980 - Fernando Belaúnde Terry becomes president of Peru.
- 1981 - In Southern Iran, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurs. Fifteen hundred people killed, 1,000 injured, 50,000 homeless and extensive damage in the Kerman region.
- 1983 - New South Wales premier Neville Wran is exonerated by the Street Royal Commission, over claims raised by ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) programme Four Corners, that he attempted to influence the NSW magistracy.
- 1984 - (to August 12) The Games of the XXIII Olympiad are held in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- 1985 - Birth of Dustin Milligan in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada; actor (Runaway)
- 1985 - Death of Grant Williams of toxic poisoning at age 54; actor (Grant McKenzie - Hawaiian Eye).
- 1986 - Birth of Alexandra Chando, American actress (As The World Turns TV show).
- 1986 - NASA releases transcript from doomed Challenger, pilot Michael Smith could be heard saying, "Uh-oh!" as spacecraft disintegrated.
- 1987 - James Burnham, philosopher (Coming Defeat of Communism), dies at age 81.
- 1988 - Israeli diplomats arrive in Moscow for first visit in 21 years.
- 1988 - Jordan cancels $1.3 billion development plan in West Bank.
- 1988 - Winnie Mandella's home in Soweto, South Africa destroyed by arson.
- 1988 - New York Yankees' Tommy John makes three errors on one play yet beats Milwaukee Brewers 16-3.
- 1989 - Atlanta Braves' player Dale Murphy hits two 3-run home runs in an inning, 14th man to hit.
- 1990 - Alberto Fujimori becomes president of Peru.
- 1991 - Buffalo Bills beat Philadelphia Eagles, 17-13 in American Bowl football in Wembley.
- 1991 - Montreal Expos' Dennis Martinez pitches baseball's 15th perfect game versus (Los Angeles Dodgers).
- 1991 - Miguel Indurain of Spain wins the Tour de France bicycle race.
- 1993 - Death of Reggie Lewis, American basketball player (heart ailment) (born 1965).
- 1994 - The Fox TV network air the last episode of The Sinbad Show.
- 1997 - The Comedy Central TV network begins airing Win Ben Stein's Money.
- 1997 - Death of Hedi Oplesch in St. Paul, Minnesota (born in Munich, Germany). Oplesch taught German in the school system of Robbinsdale, Minnesota. She created a long lasting television series teaching German to children.
- 2000 - Kathie Lee Gifford makes her final appearance as co-host of the ABC talk show Live with Regis and Kathie Lee.
- 2000 - In Norstead, Newfoundland, Canada, near L'Anse aux Meadows, thirteen replica Viking longships from Sweden, Norway, and elsewhere arrive as part of a Grand Encampment Ceremony, in celebration of the 1000th anniversary of the arrival of Vikings in North America, and their establishment of a settlement.
- 2001 - Alejandro Toledo is sworn in as the new president of Peru, 8 months after a vote of no-confidence in former President Alberto Fujimori.
- 2002 - Death of Archer John Porter Martin, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1910).
- 2004 - Death of Francis Crick, English molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1916).
- 2004 - Death of Jackson Beck at age 92; radio announcer (Superman - "It's a bird! It's a plane! It's Superman!").
- 2005 - The Provisional Irish Republican Army issues a statement formally ordering an end to the armed campaign it has pursued since 1969 and ordering all its units to dump their arms.
- 2005 - In a surprise move, Jürgen Schrempp, who had been head of DaimlerChrysler for ten years, resigns his position. His successor was designated as Dieter Zetsche, who had been the very successful head of DaimlerChrysler's Chrysler division in the U.S.A.
- 2006 - Alejandro Toledo concludes his term as President of Peru, and Alan García becomes president.
- 2008 - Stack's conducts an auction prior to the ANA convention in Baltimore. Some highlights:
- 1795 Capped Bust 13 Leaves gold $10 eagle MS-64 PCGS: US$546,250;
- 1796 Capped Bust No Stars gold $2.50 quarter eagle MS-62 PCGS: US$488,750;
- 1797 Draped Bust Small Eagle 15 Stars half dollar MS-66 NGC: US$1.38 million;
- 1907 Saint-Gaudens Extremely High Relief Roman Numerals $20 double eagle pattern gold PR-58 NGC: US$690,000.
- 2008 - Typhoon Fung-Wong dumps up to 28 inches of rain on Taiwan, killing one person and causing widespread flooding.
- 2008 - Three suicide bombers kill at least 28 people and wound about 90 in attacks on crowds in the Iraqi capital Baghdad. In the northern city of Kirkuk, a suicide bomb detonates in a crowd of Kurdish protesters, killing at least 25 and injuring at least 150.
- 2008 - The NBA's Golden State Warriors re-sign centre Andris Biedrins to a six-year, US$62-million US contract.
- 2009 - Gemma Spofforth sets a new world record of 58.12 seconds in the 100m backstroke to win swimming gold at the World Championships in Rome, Italy.
- 2009 - Germany's Paul Biedermann beats Michael Phelps in the men's 200m freestyle final to win gold, setting a new world record of 1:42.00 at the World Championships in Rome, Italy.
- 2010 - An Airblue Airbus 321 passenger jet encounters heavy monsoon rains and thick fog and crashes into the hills near Islamabad, Pakistan, killing all 152 people on board.
- 2020 - Former Prime Minister of Malaysia Najib Razak is found guilty of all seven charges in the first of five trials on the 1MDB scandal, being jailed 12 years and fined RM210 million as a result.
- 2021 - The first direct observation of light from behind a black hole is reported, confirming Einstein's theory of general relativity.
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