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What happened in history on this day: April 1?
On April 1 in ...
- 1778 - Oliver Pollock, a New Orleans businessman, creates "$" symbol.
- 1853 - Cincinnati, Ohio becomes first US city to pay firefighters a regular salary.
- 1855 - Prepayment of letter postage (by adhesive stamps or stamped envelopes) in the USA is made mandatory.
- 1855 - US postal department sets mail rates at 3 cents per half ounce under 3000 miles, and 10 cents per half ounce over 3000 miles.
- 1862 - Shenandoah Valley campaign, CSA General Thomas Jackson's Battle of Woodstock, Virginia.
- 1863 - First wartime conscription law in US goes into effect.
- 1865 - Battle at Blakely, Alabama.
- 1865 - Battle of Five Forks, Virginia, signalling end of Confederate General Robert Lee's army.
- 1889 - First dishwashing machine marketed (Chicago, Illinois).
- 1891 - The Wrigley Company (chewing gum) is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
- 1923 - First sound short films shown in New York's Rivoli Theatre.
- 1929 - Morehouse College, Spelman College and Atlanta University affiliate to form Atlanta University Center.
- 1934 - Bonnie and Clyde kill two police officers.
- 1935 - First radio tube made of metal announced, Schenectady, New York.
- 1939 - US recognizes Franco government in Spain at end of Spanish civil war.
- 1941 - US Navy takes over Treasure Island (San Francisco Bay).
- 1945 - American 1st and 9th Armies complete an encirclement of the Ruhr area of Germany, isolating 325,000 German soldiers of Army Group B.
- 1945 - 50,000 American 10th Army troops land on Okinawa, Japan.
- 1946 - 400,000 US mine workers strike.
- 1946 - Tsunamis generated by an earthquake in Aleutian Trench strike Hilo, Hawaii.
- 1946 - US notifies Cuba it will withdraw from military bases in Cuba.
- 1952 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.
- 1954 - First army helicopter battalion is formed, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, USA.
- 1954 - Earthquake/tsunami ravages Aleutians, 200 killed.
- 1956 - 10th Tony Awards: Diary of Anne Frank and Damn Yankees win.
- 1960 - RCA TIROS (TV and Infra-Red Observation 'weather' Satellite) I launched.
- 1963 - New York City's newspapers resume publishing after a 114-day strike.
- 1965 - Syncom 3, first geosynchronous communications satellite, passes from civilian to military control.
- 1970 - US President Richard Nixon signs bill limiting cigarette advertisements on beginning January 1, 1971.
- 1972 - 30,000 attend Mar Y Sol rock concert, Vega Baja, Puerto Rico.
- 1976 - Steven Jobs and Stephen Wozniak incorporate the Apple Computer Company, on April Fool's Day.
- 1979 - The Pinwheel Network changes its name to Nickelodeon and begins airing on various Warner Cable systems beginning in Buffalo, New York, expanding its audience reach.
- 1980 - The Mariel boatlift from Cuba to Florida begins.
- 1980 - New York City's Transport Works Union Local 100 goes on strike, which continues for 11 days.
- 1982 - US formally transfers Canal Zone to Panamá.
- 1984 - 14th Easter Seal Telethon raises US$24,600,000.
- 1986 - US submarine Nathaniel Green runs aground in the Irish Sea.
- 1991 - US Supreme Court rules jurors can't be barred from serving due to race.
- 1991 - US minimum wage goes from $3.80 to $4.25 per hour.
- 1991 - In Iowa, USA, riverboat gambling is legalized, as the Diamond Lady is launched. Maiden voyage of Casino Belle from Dubuque, Iowa on the Mississippi River, with 9000 square feet of casino space, including 500 slot machines.
- 1992 - Battleship USS Missouri (on which Japan surrendered) decommissioned.
- 1993 - Lou Gerstner replaces John Akers as chairman and CEO of IBM.
- 1994 - Bob Feller Statue on Indians Plaza, dedicated.
- 1995 - The Blizzard Beach water park opens at Walt Disney World.
- 2001 - A Chinese fighter jet bumps into a U.S. EP-3E surveillance aircraft over the South China Sea. The Chinese plane breaks apart and the pilot dies. The damaged American plane with 24 crew is forced to make an emergency landing on a military runway on Hainan island, China.
Births on April 1
- 1883 - Birth of Lon Chaney in Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA; actor (High Noon, Phantom of Opera).
- 1886 - Birth of Wallace Beery in Kansas City, Missouri, USA; actor (Alias a Gentleman, Dinner at 8, Ah Wilderness).
- 1898 - Birth of Nita Naldi [Anita Donna Dooley] in New York City, New York, USA; actress (Blood and Sand).
- 1909 - Birth of Abner Biberman in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; director/actor (Imhook - Kodiak).
- 1915 - Birth of Art Lund in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; singer (Ken Murray Show).
- 1917 - Birth of Johnny Andrews in Boston, Massachusetts, USA; singer/host (Songs at Twilight).
- 1917 - Birth of Leon Janney in Ogden, Utah, USA; actor (Hawk).
- 1921 - Birth of William L Bergsma in Oakland, California, USA; composer (Fortunate Island).
- 1922 - Birth of William Manchester in Attleboro, Massachusetts, USA; historian (Death of a President).
- 1923 - Birth of Bobby Jordan in Harrison, New York, USA; actor (Bowery Champs, Kid Dynamite, Flying Wild).
- 1928 - Birth of George Grizzard in Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina, USA; actor (Wrong is Right, Bachelor Party, Attica).
- 1928 - Birth of Jane Powell in Portland, Oregon, USA; singer/actress (7 Brides for 7 Brothers).
- 1930 - Birth of Grace Lee Whitney in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; actress (Yeoman Rand - Star Trek).
- 1932 - Birth of Debbie Reynolds in El Paso, Texas, USA; actress (Singin' in the Rain).
- 1932 - Birth of Gordon Jump in Dayton, Ohio, USA; actor (Arthur Carlson - WKRP, Growing Pains).
- 1934 - Birth of Don Hastings in Brooklyn, New Yorkm USA; actor (Captain Video, Bob - As the World Turns).
- 1934 - Birth of Jim Ed Brown in Sparkman, Arkansas, USA; country singer ("Nashville on the Road").
- 1938 - Birth of Ali MacGraw in Pound Ridge, New York, USA; actress (Love Story, Goodbye Columbus).
- 1939 - Birth of Rudolph Isley in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; rocker (Isley Brothers - "Shout").
- 1942 - Birth of Phil Margo in Brooklyn, New York, USA; rock vocalist (The Tokens - "The Lion Sleeps Tonight").
- 1945 - Birth of Heather Young in Bremerton, Washington, USA; actress (Betty - Land of Giants).
- 1946 - Birth of William Frederick Fisher in Dallas, Texas, USA; MD/astronaut (STS 51-I).
- 1952 - Birth of Annette O'Toole in Houston, Texas, USA; actress (Cat People, Superman III).
- 1954 - Birth of Jeff Porcaro in Los Angeles, California, USA; drummer/percussionist (Toto - "Roxanne", "Africa").
- 1955 - Birth of Danny Joe Pohl in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA; PGA golfer (1986 Colonial).
- 1957 - Birth of Donald William Hammond in Frederick, Maryland, USA; PGA golfer (1986 Bob Hope).
- 1957 - Birth of Peter Deutsch; American politician (Representative-Democrat-Florida).
- 1962 - Birth of Rich Amaral in Visalia, California, USA; outfielder (Seattle Mariners).
- 1969 - Birth of Frank Castillo in El Paso, Texas, USA; pitcher (Chicago Cubs).
- 1969 - Birth of Kevin Dean in Madison, Wisconsin, USA; NHL defenseman (New Jersey Devils).
- 1969 - Birth of Traci Lin-Tavi in New York City, New York, USA; actress (Ryan's Hope, F/X, Fright Night 2).
- 1970 - Birth of Wes Barnett in Saint Joseph, Missouri, USA; 238lb (108kg) weightlifter (Olympics-6th-1992, 1996).
- 1970 - Birth of Wyatt Jones in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; kayak (alternate-Olympics-1996).
- 1980 - Birth of Bryan Buffinton in Ridgewood, New Jersey; actor (Bill Lewis Junior - Guiding Light).
- 1980 - Birth of Randy Orton; American professional wrestler.
- 1982 - Birth of Sam Huntington; American actor (Jungle 2 Jungle).
Deaths on April 1
- 1777 - Death of John Morton in Ridley Park, Pennsylvania; served 18 multi-year terms in Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly, elected to First Continental Congress and Second Continental Congress, cast tie-breaking vote for independence, signed Declaration of Independence.
- 1870 - Patrick Gass, Sergeant of Lewis and Clark Expedition, dies at age 98.
- 1969 - Helena Rubinstein, American cosmetic manufacturer, dies at about age 89.
- 1984 - Death of Marvin Gaye shot to death by his father Marvin Gaye Sr in Los Angeles, California at age 44; singer ("Sexual Healing") (born 1939).
- 1991 - Martha Graham, American dancer and choreographer (Appalachian Spring), dies at age 96 (born 1894).
- 1993 - Alan Kulwicki, American stock car racer, dies in plane crash at age 38 (born 1954).
- 2010 - Death of Dr. Edward Roberts, founder of Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS), "father of the personal computer", inventor of the Altair 8800 computer, at age 68 after a long bout of pneumonia.
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