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What happened in history on this day: April 7?
On April 7 in ...
- 1788 - First settlement in Ohio, at Marietta.
- 1798 - An Act of Congress makes Mississippi a territory, effective May 7.
- 1818 - US General Andrew Jackson conquers Saint Marks, Florida from Seminole Indians.
- 1862 - US Army General Ulysses Grant counterattacks and defeats Confederate Army at Battle of Shiloh, Tennessee, CSA. By the end of the battle over 1700 men are dead from each army and 8000 from each side lay wounded. Confederate troops retreat to Corinth, Mississippi.
- 1863 - Battle of Charleston, South Carolina; failed Federal fleet attack on Fort Sumter.
- 1865 - Battle of Farmville, Virginia.
- 1866 - US Congress appropriates $250,000 for plates, engraving, printing, and paper for national currency.
- 1891 - Nebraska introduces 8-hour work day.
- 1902 - Texas Oil Company (Texaco) forms.
- 1923 - First brain tumor operation under local anesthetic performed (Beth Israel Hospital in New York City) by Dr K Winfield Ney.
- 1923 - Workers Party of America (New York City) becomes official communist party.
- 1926 - Forest fire burns 900 acres and kills two (San Luis Obispo, California, USA).
- 1927 - Telephone lines are used for the first time to transmit a television signal, from Washington DC to New York City. The audience to the demonstration sees an image of Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover.
- 1932 - Erv A Kelley, US policeman, shot to death by Pretty Boy Floyd.
- 1933 - Utah becomes 38th state to ratify 21st Amendment, ending prohibition.
- 1943 - British/US troops make contact at Wadi Akarit, South Tunisia.
- 1945 - First and last assault of German Rammkommando on US bombers.
- 1945 - US B-17s bombs range at Lüneburg.
- 1949 - Rogers and Hammerstein's play South Pacific opens at Majestic Theater in New York (for 1928 performances).
- 1951 - US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Enwetak.
- 1954 - US President Dwight Eisenhower fears "domino-effect" in Indo-China.
- 1957 - Last of New York's electric trolleys completes its final run.
- 1959 - Oklahoma ends alcohol prohibition, after 51 years.
- 1959 - Radar first bounced off sun, from Stanford, California.
- 1964 - IBM introduces the IBM System/360 mainframe computer.
- 1966 - US recovers lost hydroden bomb from Mediterranean floor.
- 1967 - Tom Donahue, San Francisco disc jockey, begins new radio format - Progressive (KMPX-FM).
- 1969 - US Supreme Court strikes down laws prohibiting private possession of obscene material.
- 1970 - 42nd Academy Awards - Midnight Cowboy, John Wayne and Maggie Smith win.
- 1971 - US President Richard Nixon orders Lieutenant Calley (My Lai) free.
- 1971 - WCJB TV channel 20 in Gainesville Florida (ABC/NBC) begins broadcasting three-judge US Circuit Court of Appeals.
- 1977 - Consumer Product Safety Commission bans the flame-retardant chemical "TRIS".
- 1978 - U.S. President Jimmy Carter decides to postpone production of the neutron bomb, a weapon which kills people with radiation but leaves buildings relatively intact.
- 1980 - The United States severs diplomatic relations with Iran and imposes economic sanctions.
- 1983 - STS-6: Space Shuttle Challenger astronauts Story Musgrave and Donald H. Peterson perform the first space shuttle spacewalk (duration: 4 hours, 10 minutes).
- 1987 - National Museum of Female Physicians opens in Washington, DC.
- 1988 - US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.
- 1990 - John Poindexter (US National Security Advisor) is found guilty of five charges for his part in the Iran Contra scandal; the convictions are later reversed on appeal.
- 1998 - Citicorp and Travelers Group announce plans to merge, creating the largest financial-services conglomerate in the world, Citigroup.
- 2000 - Pepco's Chalk Point Generating Station on the Patuxent River in southern Maryland, USA, spills about 420,000 litres of oil. Some 6 1/2 miles of oil containment booms are positioned in the river capturing an estimated 300,000 litres.
- 2001 - Timothy Thomas, a 19-year-old African-American, is shot by a police officer in Cincinnati, Ohio, sparking riots in downtown Cincinnati from April 10 to April 12.
- 2008 - Child Protective Services of Texas remove 401 children from a ranch in west Texas belonging to jailed polygamist leader Warren Jeffs, and dozens of women leave or are removed in an investigation of sexual and child abuse.
- 2008 - The 92nd annual Pullitzer Prize Awards are announced by Columbia University. Some award recipients:
- Breaking News: the Washington Post for its coverage of the Virginia Tech massacre;
- Public Service Journalism: the Washington Post for exposing the poor hospital treatment of US soldiers returning home after being wounded in Iraq and Afghanistan;
- Breaking News Photography: Reuters news agency for its picture of a Japanese videographer killed during last year's demonstrations in Burma;
- National reporting: the Washington Post;
- International Reporting: the Washington Post;
- Feature Writing: the Washington Post;
- Commentary: the Washington Post;
- Investigative Reporting: the New York Times;
- Explanatory Reporting: the New York Times.
- 2022 - Ketanji Brown is confirmed to the U.S. Supreme Court.
Births on April 7
- 1859 - Birth of Walter Camp in Connecticut, USA; father of American football (Yale).
- 1897 - Birth of Walter Winchell in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; gossip columnist/broadcaster (Jergens Journal radio show), narrator (The Untouchables TV show).
- 1915 - Birth of Billie Holliday AKA Ellinore Harris in Baltimore, Maryland, USA; jazz singer ("Strange Fruit", "God Bless the Child", "Yesterdays", "Ain't Nobody's Business").
- 1917 - Birth of R G Armstrong in Birmingham, Alabama, USA; actor (T.H.E. Cat, Gunsmoke, Trapper John MD, Friday the 13th).
- 1918 - Birth of Peanuts Hucko in Syracuse, New York, USA; bigband clarinetist (Charlie Spivak, Glenn Miller, Benny Goodman, Ray McKinley, Eddie Condon, Jack Teagarden, Glenn Miller Orchestra, Lawrence Welk Orchestra).
- 1919 - Birth of Ralph Flanagan in Lorain, Ohio, USA; bandleader/pianist/arranger (Sammy Kaye, Blue Barron, Charlie Barnet, Gene Krupa, Tony Pastor, Boyd Raeburn, Alvino Rey), "Nevertheless", "Rag Mop", "Harbor Lights", "Slow Poke", "Hot Toddy").
- 1924 - Birth of Nick Perito in Denver, Colorado, USA; orchestra leader (Don Knotts Show, Big Show).
- 1931 - Birth of Donald Barthelme in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; writer (Snow White, Sadness).
- 1932 - Birth of Louis "Mr Bo" Collins in Indianola, Mississippi, USA; blues singer ("If Trouble Was Money").
- 1933 - Birth of Wayne Rogers in Birmingham, Alabama, USA; actor (MASH, House Calls, Chiefs, Trapper John MD).
- 1935 - Birth of Bobby Bare in Irontown, Ohio, USA; country singer (Detroit City).
- 1937 - Birth of [Big] Charlie Thomas in New York City, New York, USA; jazz/rock singer (The Drifters).
- 1938 - Birth of Freddie Hubbard in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; jazz trumpeter (Art Blakey).
- 1938 - Birth of Yvonne Lime in Glendale, California, USA; actress (Father Knows Best, Dobie Gillis).
- 1938 - Birth of [Edmund G] Jerry Brown Junior in San Francisco, California, USA; American politician (Governor-Democrat-California, 1975-83).
- 1939 - Birth of Francis Ford Coppola in Detroit, Michigan, USA; film maker (Godfather, Apocalypse Now, American Graffiti).
- 1943 - Birth of Roberta Shore [Schourup] in Monterey Park, California, USA; actress/singer (Virginian).
- 1943 - Birth of Spencer Dryden in New York City, New York, USA; rock drummer (Jefferson Airplane - "Go Ask Alice").
- 1946 - Birth of Bill Kreutzmann in Palo Alto, California, USA; drummer (Grateful Dead, Grass Roots).
- 1949 - Birth of John Oates in New York City, New York, USA; guitarist/vocalist (Hall and Oates - "Rich Girl").
- 1951 - Birth of Janis Ian [Janis Eddy Fink] in New York City, New York, USA; folk singer (Society's Child, At 17).
- 1951 - Birth of John Dittrich in Union, New Jersey, USA; country singer (Restless Heart - "Wheels").
- 1952 - Birth of Bruce Gary in Burbank, California, USA; rock drummer (The Knack - "My Sharona").
- 1958 - Birth of Alexandra Neil in Boston, Massachusetts, USA; actress (Rose - Guiding Light).
- 1962 - Birth of Andy Hampsten in Columbus, Ohio, USA; cyclist (Olympics-1996).
- 1964 - Birth of Joe Durant in Pensacola, Florida, USA; Nike golfer (1992 Boise Open-7th).
- 1966 - Birth of Teri Ann Linn in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; actress (Kristen - The Bold and the Beautiful).
- 1968 - Birth of Don[ald] Smith in North Tonawanda, New York, USA; rower (Olympics-5th-1996).
- 1969 - Birth of Clark Sheehan in Denver, Colorado, USA; cyclist (Olympics-1996).
- 1969 - Birth of Peggy Clasen in Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA; speed skater (Olympics-1994).
- 1969 - Birth of Ricky Bones in Salinas, Puerto Rico; pitcher (Milwaukee Brewers, New York Yankees).
- 1971 - Birth of Cara Kendra Bernosky; Miss Pennsylvania-USA (1997).
- 1971 - Birth of Mark Thompson in Russellville, Kentucky, USA; pitcher (Colorado Rockies).
- 1972 - Birth of Shana Williams in Bridgeton, New Jersey, USA; long jumper/heptathlete.
Deaths on April 7
- 1891 - Death of Phineas Taylor Barnum at age 80 in Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA; US circus promoter (Barnum and Bailey, The Greatest Show on Earth, PT Barnum's American Museum).
- 1932 - Erv A Kelley, US policeman, shot to death by Pretty Boy Floyd.
- 1934 - William Monroe Trotter, civil rights activist/journalist, dies on 62nd birthday in Boston, Massachusetts.
- 1984 - Frank Church, American politician (Senator-Democrat-Ohio, 1957-81), dies at age 59.
- 1987 - Death of Maxine Sullivan at age 75 in New York; jazz singer ("Loch Lomond" (1937)), actress (Going Places).
- 1992 - Alix Talton, former Miss Georgia, dies of lung cancer at age 72.
- 1994 - Angelus Gottfried "Golo" Mann, German/US historian, dies at age 85 in Leverkusen, Germany (born 1909).
- 2007 - Death of Johnny Hart, American cartoonist (B.C.) (born 1931).
- 2007 - Death of Carey W. Barber, Jehovah's Witnesses leader (born 1905).
- 2009 - Death of Samuel Beer at age 97; chairman of political science department at Harvard University, author of British Politics in the Collectivist Age, speech-writer for President Franklin Roosevelt.
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