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What happened in history on this day: July 1?
On July 1 in ...
- 1795 - John Rutledge becomes second chief justice of US Supreme Court.
- 1805 - An Act of Congress creates the Territory of Michigan.
- 1805 - An Act of Congress makes the District of Louisiana the Territory of Louisiana.
- 1834 - Levi Woodbury takes office as US Treasury Secretary.
- 1835 - Robert Maskell Patterson becomes Mint director.
- 1836 - US Congress accepts the bequest of deceased British scientist James Smithson, to use his donation of 100,000 gold sovereigns (converted to US$508,318 in US coins) to establish the Smithsonian Institution.
- 1845 - US postal rates are standardized on 5 cents per a half-ounce letter for under 300 miles, and 10 cents for anything over.
- 1847 - First US postage stamps go on sale in New York City: 5-cent Benjamin Franklin and 10-cent George Washington. Franklin is the first person in the world other than a head of state to appear on a stamp.
- 1862 - US Congress outlaws polygamy.
- 1862 - US President Abraham Lincoln appoints Isaac Newton as Secretary of Agriculture.
- 1862 - Day seven of the Seven Days - Battle of Malvern Hill.
- 1863 - The Battle of Gettysburg begins in Pennsylvania, as a Confederate division under General Henry Heth clashes with three brigades of USA cavalry.
- 1863 - Free city delivery of mail begins in 49 US cities; postage 3 cents per ounce.
- 1869 - US mint at Carson City, Nevada opens.
- 1874 - First US kidnapping for ransom, 4-year-old Charles Ross, $20,000.
- 1881 - The world's first international telephone call takes place between Saint Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, and Calais, Maine, United States.
- 1885 - Domestic letter rate in the USA set to 2 cents per ounce.
- 1889 - Frederick Douglass named US Minister to Haiti.
- 1891 - US Weather Bureau formally established under Department of Agriculture.
- 1893 - San Francisco Bay City Club opens first US bicycle race track, made of wood.
- 1894 - Bureau of Engraving and Pringing begins producing all US postage stamps.
- 1898 - Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough Riders charge up San Juan Hill.
- 1902 - US Congress establishes a Mint at Manilla for the Philippines.
- 1917 - Race riots in East Saint Louis, Illinois, USA; 40 to 200 reported killed.
- 1919 - US domestic letter rate postage drops from 3 cents to 2 cents with removal of the war tax.
- 1922 - Congress extends national bank charters by 99 years.
- 1924 - Regular transcontinental airmail service established, New York City to San Francisco.
- 1931 - Ice vending machines introduced in Los Angeles; 25 pounds for 15 cents.
- 1931 - Boeing Air Transport begin service (later called United Airlines).
- 1932 - New York Governor Franklin Roosevelt nominated for president at the Democratic Convention in Chicago, Illinois.
- 1934 - First x-ray photo of entire body, Rochester, New York.
- 1941 - First commercial TV licenses granted-W2XBS-WNBT (NBC) and WCBW (CBS), New York City.
- 1944 - Bretton Woods Conference starts, establishing International Monetary Fund and World Bank.
- 1946 - US drops atom bomb on Bikini atoll (4th atomic explosion).
- 1961 - Haleakala National Park established in Hawaii, USA.
- 1963 - US Post Office Department institutes the "zip" (Zone Improvement Plan) code. The first digit is the geographic area, next two for sectional centers, final two for specific post office.
- 1966 - Construction crews in San Francisco begin tearing up Market Steet to build BART.
- 1966 - Medicare goes into effect in the USA.
- 1968 - US, Britain, USSR and 58 nations sign Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.
- 1971 - The US Post Office Department becomes the US Postal Service.
- 1972 - Ms. magazine begins publishing.
- 1973 - The Trilateral Commission is founded, with David Rockefeller as chairman, and Zbigniew Brzezinski as North American director.
- 1978 - Former US President Richard Nixon makes first public speech since resigning in 1974.
- 1981 - Laurel Canyon California murders (four die, one wounded).
- 1982 - 2100 Unification Church couples marry in New York City.
- 1983 - Cinematronics releases Dragon's Lair to arcade centers in the USA. It is the first laser-disc-based coin-operated arcade game. Cost per play is 50-cents. Advanced Microcomputer Systems designed the game, with animation provided by Don Bluth Animations.
- 1985 - In the USA, regular leaded gasoline at public pumps can only include 0.5 grams of lead per gallon.
- 1987 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan nominates former Solicitor General Robert Bork, a controversial conservative judge and legal scholar, to the U.S. Supreme Court (rejected by the Senate in October).
- 2008 - The Starbucks coffee company announces it will close an additional 500 stores in the USA, on top of 100 already announced.
- 2009 - Crabtree & Evelyn of Connecticut, USA files for bankruptcy protection.
- 2009 - Shares of American International Group drop 22 percent, following shareholder approval of a 1-for-20 reverse stock split, and after the New York Stock Exchange accidentally announced the suspension and delisting of the stock.
Births on July 1
- 1892 - Birth of James M Cain in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; novelist (Postman Always Rings Twice).
- 1901 - Birth of Irna Phillips in Chicago, Illinois, USA; created six soap operas (Guiding Light).
- 1907 - Birth of Bill Stern in Rochester, New York, USA; sportscaster (Saturday Night Fights).
- 1909 - Birth of Madge Evans in New York City, New York, USA; TV panelist (Masquerade Party).
- 1911 - Birth of Alvino Rey in Cleveland, Ohio, USA; orchestra leader (King Family).
- 1915 - Birth of Willie Dixon in Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA; bassist ("Walkin' the Blues").
- 1932 - Birth of Bobby Day [Robert Byrd) in Fort Worth, Texas, USA; rock vocalist ("Rockin' Robin").
- 1934 - Birth of Jamie Farr in Toledo, Ohio, USA; actor (Klinger - M*A*S*H, AfterMASH).
- 1941 - Birth of Sally Quinn in Georgia, USA; CBS newscaster (Morning Show).
- 1941 - Birth of Twyla Tharp in Indiana, USA; choreographer (Twyla Tharp Dance Troupe).
- 1951 - Birth of Daryl Anderson in Seattle, Washington, USA; actor (Animal - Lou Grant).
- 1956 - Birth of Lorna Patterson in Whittier, California, USA; actress (Airplane!, Private Benjamin).
- 1960 - Birth of Evelyn "Champagne" King in Bronx, New York, USA; singer ("Shame", "I'm In Love").
- 1980 - Birth of Patrick Aufiero; American ice hockey player.
Deaths on July 1
- 1983 - R. Buckminster Fuller, American inventor/philosopher/architect, dies in Los Angeles, California at age 87 (born 1895).
- 1991 - Michael Landon, American actor (Bonanza, Little House on the Prairie), dies at age 54 from cancer (born 1936).
- 1995 - Death of Wolfman Jack AKA Robert Weston Smith at age 57 following a heart attack; disk jockey (XERF, XERB in Mexico), announcer (The Midnight Special TV show).
- 1996 - Death of William T. Cahill, America politician (born 1912).
- 1997 - Death of Robert Mitchum of lung cancer and emphysema at age 79; actor (The Winds of War TV mini-series, War and Remembrance TV mini-series).
- 2009 - Death of Karl Malden, Hollywood actor (How the West Was Won, Birdman of Alcatraz, Patton, A Streetcar Named Desire, The Streets of San Francisco), president of Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences (1989-92), at his Los Angeles home at age 97.
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