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What happened in history on this day: July 3?
On July 3 in ...
- 1775 - George Washington takes command of the Continental Army as commander-in-chief at Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- 1778 - British forces massacre 360 men, women and children in Wyoming, Pennsylvania.
- 1814 - Americans capture Fort Erie, Canada.
- 1839 - First state normal school in US opens, Lexington, Massachusetts, with three students.
- 1852 - US Congress authorizes America's second mint, in San Francisco, California.
- 1863 - On the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg, Confederate General George Pickett leads a 15,000-man column a mile toward USA positions at Cemetery Ridge, after an hour-long cannon bombardment. But USA artillery and infantry survive, and devastate the attacking force, killing or wounding 7,000 within an hour.
- 1884 - The Customer's Afternoon Letter first publishes Charles Dow's American stock average, containing eleven railroad and industrial stocks: Chicago & North Western, Delaware Lackawanna & Western, Lake Shore, Louisville & Nashville, Missouri Pacific, New York Central, Northern Pacific pfd., Pacific Mail, St. Paul, Union Pacific, and Western Union.
- 1886 - The New York Tribune becomes the first newspaper to use a linotype machine, eliminating hand typesetting.
- 1890 - Idaho is admitted to the USA as 43rd state.
- 1898 - (9:00 AM) Spanish warships attempt to escape Santiago Bay, Cuba; American fleet destroys them one by one: flagship Infanta Maria Teresa, armored cruisers Almirante Oquendo, Vizcaya, and Cristobal Colon, and destroyers Furor and Pluton. Death of 323 and 115 wounded of 2227 Spanish, death of one and two wounded Americans.
- 1934 - FDIC pays off first insured depositors, Fon du Lac Bank, East Peoria, Illinois.
- 1944 - Oriole Park (minor league baseball stadium) burns down in Baltimore, Maryland.
- 1947 - 252,288 people (record) pass through Grand Central Station, New York City.
- 1950 - First time US and North Korean forces clash in the Korean War.
- 1966 - Race riots in Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
- 1969 - 78,000 attend Newport Jazz Festival, Newport, Rhode Island.
- 1970 - 200,000 attend Atlanta Pop Festival.
- 1979 - U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs the first directive for secret aid to the opponents of the pro-Soviet regime in Kabul.
- 1984 - Dolphin rocket launched off San Clemente Island.
- 1984 - US Supreme Court rules Jaycees may be forced to admit women as members.
- 1985 - CBS announces a 21 percent stock buy-back to thwart Ted Turner's takeover.
- 1986 - US President Ronald Reagan presides over relighting of renovated Statue of Liberty.
- 1988 - US navy ship USS Vincennes in the Straits of Hormuz shoots down Iran Air Flight 655 Airbus 300 civilian jetliner flying to Dubai, killing all 290 on board.
- 1989 - US Supreme Court rules states do not have to provide funds for abortions.
- 1989 - The movie Batman sets record of quickest US$100 million (10 days).
- 1999 - In Weirs Beach, New Hampshire, USA, over six hours Billy Mitchell plays a "perfect" game of the arcade game Pac-Man, achieving the highest score that the game allows: 3,333,360. This can only be accomplished by guiding Pac-Man to eat every dot, fruit, and ghost in all 256 levels without dying.
Births on July 3
- 1900 - Birth of John Mason Brown in Louisville, Kentucky, USA; critic (Tonight on Broadway).
- 1913 - Birth of Dorothy Kilgallen in Chicago, Illinois, USA; columnist (What's My Line?).
- 1914 - Birth of George Bruns in Oregon, USA; Disney songwriter/composer (Sleeping Beauty, Babes in Toyland, The Sword in the Stone, "The Ballad of Davy Crockett", theme of Zorro, "Yo Ho"), named Disney Legend 2001.
- 1920 - Birth of Louise Allbritton in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA; actress (Celia - Stage Door, Got a Secret).
- 1930 - Birth of Pete Fountain in New Orleans, USA; jazz clarinetist (Lawrence Welk Show 1957-59).
- 1935 - Birth of Harrison H "Jack" Schmitt in Santa Rita, New Mexico, USA; astronaut (Apollo 17).
- 1939 - Birth of Jay Tarses in Baltimore, Maryland, USA; actor/writer (Open All Night, Duck Factory).
- 1940 - Birth of Fontella Bass in Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; vocalist ("Rescue Me").
- 1943 - Birth of Norman E Thagard in Marianna, Florida, USA; MD/astronaut (STS 7, 51-B, 30, 42).
- 1945 - Birth of Michael Cole in Madison, Wisconsin, USA; actor (Pete - The Mod Squad).
- 1947 - Birth of Betty Buckley in Big Springs, Texas, USA; actress (Abby - Eight is Enough, 1776, Cats).
- 1949 - Birth of Jan Smithers in North Hollywood, California, USA; actress (Bailey - WKRP).
- 1962 - Birth of Tom Cruise in Syracuse, New York, USA; actor (Risky Business, Color of Money, Rainman).
- 1968 - Birth of Jeff Phillips in Westwood, New Jersey, USA; actor (Hart Jessup - Guiding Light).
- 1975 - Birth of Keri Houlihan in Pennsylvania; actress (Molly - Our House).
Deaths on July 3
- 1971 - Death of Dorothy A. Kabis, US Treasurer.
- 1978 - Death of James Daly at age 59 of heart failure; actor (Foreign Intrigue TV show, Medical Center TV show).
- 1989 - Jim Backus, American actor (Mr. Magoo, Gilligan's Island), dies at age 76 of pneumonia (born 1913).
- 1998 - Death of Danielle Bunten Berry, American software developer (born 1949).
- 2007 - Death of Boots Randolph, American saxophone player (born 1927).
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