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What happened in history on this day: July 21?
On July 21 in ...
- 1846 - Mormons found first English settlement in California (San Joaquin Valley).
- 1861 - First major battle of Civil War ends (Bull Run), Virginia - CSA wins.
- 1873 - Jesse James makes his first train robbery.
- 1880 - Compressed air accident kills 20 workers on Hudson River tunnel, New York, USA.
- 1896 - The National Association of Colored Women's Clubs, Inc. is founded in Washington, D.C., by the merger of the National Federation of Afro-American Women, the Women's Era Club of Boston, and the Colored Women's League of Washington, D.C.
- 1918 - Near Orleans, Massachusetts, USA, German submarine U-156 fires over 100 shells on tugboat Perth Amboy and the barges it is towing, sinking the barges and badly damaging the tug. All 32 people on the tug and barges are rescued. Efforts to sink the submarine fail.
- 1919 - Dirigible crashes through bank skylight killing 13 (Chicago, Illinois).
- 1930 - US Veterans Administration established.
- 1934 - 113 degrees F (45 degrees C), near Gallipolis, Ohio (state record).
- 1942 - Eight die as coal waste heap slides in river valley near Oakwood, Virginia.
- 1944 - American Marines land on Guam.
- 1944 - American forces recapture Guam.
- 1946 - Delegates of 21 nations meet in Paris, France, for a Peace Conference, to attempt to settle on the language of peace treaties with Italy, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, and Finland.
- 1949 - US Senate ratifies North Atlantic Treaty by a vote of 82-13.
- 1955 - First submarine powered by liquid metal cooled reactor launched - USS Seawolf.
- 1959 - First atomic-powered merchant ship, Savannah, christened, at Camden, New Jersey, USA.
- 1961 - American NASA program launches Mercury 4 (Liberty Bell) with Gus Grissom, in space for 16 minutes, lands 303 miles downrange.
- 1962 - 160 civil right activists jailed after demonstration in Albany, Georgia, USA.
- 1966 - Gemini X returns to Earth.
- 1972 - In New York, 57 murders occur in 24 hours.
- 1976 - First outbreak of "Legionnaire's Disease" kills 29 in Philadelphia.
- 1978 - US Postal Service and unions agree on a contract, averting mail strike.
- 1979 - National Women's Hall of Fame (Seneca Falls, New York) dedicated.
- 1983 - US announces Lebanon freed American hostage David Dodge.
- 1984 - In Jackson, Michigan, a factory robot crushes a worker against a safety bar in the first robot-related death in the United States.
- 1986 - In the California - Nevada border region, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake occurs.
- 1997 - The fully restored USS Constitution sailing ship (aka "Old Ironsides") celebrates her 200th birthday by setting sail for the first time in 116 years.
- 2007 - U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney serves as Acting President for two and a half hours, while President George W. Bush undergoes a colonoscopy procedure.
- 2010 - The United States announces new sanctions against North Korea aimed to prevent North Korea selling arms and from procuring luxury goods, as well as to put out of business North Korean entities operating illicitly overseas.
- 2011 - Space Shuttle Atlantis lands successfully at Kennedy Space Center after completing STS-135, concluding NASA's space shuttle program.
Births on July 21
- 1864 - Birth of Frances Clara Folsom in Buffalo, New York, USA; spouse of US President Grover Cleveland.
- 1899 - Birth of Ernest Miller Hemmingway in Oak Park, Illinois, USA; American author (The Sun Also Rises, For Whom the Bell Tolls, Death in the Afternoon, To Have and Have Not) and journalist (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction 1953, Nobel Prize in Literature 1954) (dies 1961).
- 1901 - Birth of Allyn Joslyn in Milford, Pennsylvania, USA; actor (They Won't Forget, Cafe Society).
- 1921 - Birth of Billy Taylor in Greenville, North Carolina, USA; orchestra leader (David Frost Show).
- 1922 - Birth of Kay Starr in Dougherty, Oklahoma, USA; singer ("Rock and Roll Waltz", "Club Oasis").
- 1924 - Birth of Don Knotts in Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; actor (Andy Griffth Show, Three's Company).
- 1925 - John Thomas Scopes is found guilty of teaching evolution in violation of a Tennessee state law, and fined US$100. Scopes' lawyer had recommended a guilty verdict, to allow for an appeal. In 1927, Tennessee Supreme Court overturns the verdict.
- 1942 - Birth of Patricia Elliot in Gunnison, Colorado, USA; actress (Renee - Empire, One Life to Live).
- 1943 - Birth of David Downing in New York City, New York, USA; actor (Backstairs at the White House).
- 1943 - Birth of Edward Herrmann in Washington, DC, USA; actor (Day of the Dolphin, Reds).
- 1945 - Birth of Alton Maddox in New York, USA; black activist/attorney (Tawana Brawley case).
- 1947 - Birth of Wendell Burton in San Antonio, Texas, USA; actor (Lucas - The New Dick Van Dyke Show).
- 1952 - Birth of Robin Williams in Chicago, Illinois, USA; comedian (Mork and Mindy, Awakenings, Genie - Aladdin).
- 1957 - Birth of Jon Lovitz in Tarzana, California, USA; comedian (Saturday Night Live).
- 1960 - Birth of Lance Guest in Saratoga, California, USA; actor (Lance - Lou Grant).
- 1962 - Birth of Ike Eisenmann in Houston, Texas, USA; actor (Scott - Fantastic Journey).
- 1964 - Birth of Susan Swift in Houston, Texas, USA; actress (Chisholms).
- 1981 - Birth of Blake Lewis; American Idol finalist.
Deaths on July 21
- 1957 - Bernard Spooner, US inventor of bulletproof jacket, dies.
- 2004 - Death of Edward B. Lewis, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1918).
- 2015 - Death of E. L. Doctorow, American author (born 1931).
- 2017 - Death of John Heard at age 71 in Palo Alto, California; actor (Home Alone movie (1990), Beaches movie (1988), Cutter's Way movie (1981), Big movie (1988), The Sopranos TV show).
- 2023 - Death of Tony Bennett at age 96; American singer ("I Left My Heart in San Francisco" (1962), "Duets II" song (2011), 19 Grammy awards).
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