Chronology of Earthquakes and Volcanos

Copyright © 2012-2024 Ken Polsson
internet e-mail: ken@kpolsson.com
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References are numbered in [brackets], which are listed here. A number after the dot gives the page in the source.

Last updated: 2023 December 20.


2006

January 8
  • A powerful, magnitude 6.9 earthquake centered off the coast of the Greek island of Kythera shakes much of Greece and is felt throughout the eastern Mediterranean basin. [27]
January 11
  • The Augustine Volcano in Alaska erupts twice, marking its first major eruption since 1986. [27]
February 17
  • As many as 1,800 people die when a mudslide occurs on Leyte Island in the Philippines. [27]
May 26
  • In Java, Indonesia, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake occurs. At least 5,749 people killed, 38,568 injured and as many as 600,000 people were displaced in the Bantul-Yogyakarta area. Total loss estimated at approximately US$3.1 billion [27] [53]
October 15
  • In Hawaii, a magnitude 6.7 earthquake occurs. Power outages occur throughout the Hawaiian Islands. Damage estimated at US$73 million. [53]
November 15
  • In the Kuril Islands, a magnitude 8.3 earthquake occurs. A tsunami with a recorded wave height of 176 cm damages a dock at Crescent City, California. [53]
December 26
  • The Hengchun earthquake in Taiwan kills two people, damages about 15 historical buildings and several undersea cable, disrupting Internet and IDD telecommunication services in Asia. [27]

2007

April 2
  • The Solomon Islands is shaken by a magnitude 8.1 earthquake, and hit by a subsequent tsunami. [38]
July 16
  • Earthquake occurs in Japan, killing seven and causing a pipe at a nuclear power plant to break and release about 300 gallons of radioactive water. [38]
July 19
  • Ol Doinyo Lengai mountain erupts, bringing a stop to the daily week long tremors experienced in Nairobi and Northern Tanzania. [38]
August 15
  • An 8.0 Richter scale earthquake strikes off the southwest coast of Peru, near Pisco, killing 512 people, injuring more than 1,500, leaving 100,000 homeless, and causing tsunami warnings in the Pacific Ocean. [38] [68.35]
November 14
  • A 7.7 magnitude earthquake occurs in northern Chile. [38]
December 20
  • An earthquake of magnitude 6.6 ML hits the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand, causing one death and significant damage in the town of Gisborne. [38]

2008

March 24
  • In northern Chile, a 6.1 magnitude earthquake strikes. [57]
April 18
  • A 5.2-5.4-magnitude earthquake rocks Illinois, USA, centered near West Salem, the largest in the region in 40 years, and felt 350 miles away. [35] [521]
May 1
  • Near the tip of the Aleutian island chain off Alaska, a 6.5 magnitude earthquake occurs. [35]

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May 2
  • In the Patagonia region of Chile, volcano Chaiten begins erupting for the first time in over 9000 years. Two nearby towns are completely evacuated. [57]
May 12
  • A 7.8-magnitude earthquake hits China's southwestern Sichuan province, killing about 90,000, injuring 300,000, leaving 5 million homeless. [35] [57] [105] [310]
May 24
  • In central Colombia (55km from Bogota), a 5.7 earthquake occurs, killing at least six people, causing landslides and shaking buildings. [57]
May 29
  • An earthquake measuring 6.1 hits southern Iceland, 50km from Reykjavik. [57]
June 8
  • Southern Greece is struck by a 6.5-magnitude earthquake, killing two, injuring 20, and collapsing some buildings. [57]
June 14
  • In Iwate, northern Japan, a 7.2 magnitude earthquake occurs, killing nine, injuring over 200, and causing landslides. [35] [57] [310]
July 29
  • Southern California is hit by a 5.4 magnitude earthquake, felt from Los Angeles to San Diego and slightly in Las Vegas. [105]
September 10
  • An undersea earthquake measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale hits the eastern Moluccas islands. [35]
October 6
  • An earthquake measuring 6.6 magnitude kills at least 65 in Kyrgyzstan. [310]
October 29
  • An earthquake of 6.4 magnitude hits Baluchistan province in south-western Pakistan, killing at least 160 people. Four aftershocks register at up to 6.2. [57] [266.52]
November 22
  • An earthquake measuring 6.7-6.8 strikes off the Indonesian island of Sumatra. [57]

2009

January 3
  • A series of powerful earthquakes hits eastern Indonesia, the strongest with a magnitude of 7.6, north of the city of Manokwari in West Papua province. [57]
January 4
  • At least 33 people die in a landslide in northern Guatemala; many more are missing. [57]
March 13
  • The Galeras volcano in southern Colombia erupts, blanketing the area with ash, forcing evacuation of 3000 people. [315.A13]
March 20
  • A 7.9 magnitude earthquake about 200km south-east of Tonga triggers a tsunami in the South Pacific, but little damage results. [35]
March 26
  • Mount Redoubt volcano in Alaska erupts, shooting a plume of ash and smoke into the atmosphere, up to 20,000m. [317.A9]
April 6
  • An earthquake measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale in central Italy kills 281, injures 1500, and leaves about 17,000 homeless. The quake flattened houses, ancient churches and other buildings in 26 cities and towns. The damage is estimated at US$4 billion. [35] [57] [398]
April 17
  • In eastern Afghanistan, a 5.5 magnitude earthquake occurs, followed in two hours by a 5.1 aftershock. [35]
April 27
  • A 5.6 magnitude earthquake strikes central Mexico, centred near Chilpancingo, about 210 kilometres southwest of Mexico City. [105]
May 24
  • An earthquake measuring 5.1 on the Richter scale hits southern Macedonia near the Greek border. [105]
May 28
  • A 7.4-magnitude earthquake strikes off the coast of Honduras, killing five people. [57]
August 3
  • A 6.9-magnitude earthquake strikes off Baja California in Mexico, 49 miles from Santa Isabel, 9.3 miles deep. [35]
September 2
  • A powerful 7.0 earthquake strikes off the Indonesian island of Java, killing 57 people, injuring over 300. [57]
September 12
  • A 6.4 magnitude earthquake strikes off the coast of Venezuela, 110km west of Caracas, knocking out power in the capital, causing minor damage and injuries. [57]
September 21
  • A 6.1-magnitude earthquake strikes Bhutan and neighboring Himalayan regions, killing ten people and damaging houses, monasteries, and roads. [57]
September 29
  • An 8.3-magnitude earthquake strikes due south of Samoa, causing a tsunami with waves of up to 4.5m which kills more than 190 people in several islands. Whole villages in Samoa are destroyed. [57] [398] [533.52]
September 30
  • A 7.6 magnitude earthquake strikes Padang, Indonesia, a city of 900,000, killing over 1000, toppling buildings and trapping thousands under debris. [35] [57] [398] [533.52]
October 2
  • A 6.3-magnitude earthquake strikes south of Tonga in the Pacific Islands. [35]
October 8
  • A 7.8 magnitude earthquake occurs about 300km north-northwest of Vanuatu, followed by a 7.1 earthquake an hour later. [57]
October 13
  • A magnitude 6.3 earthquake strikes off Alaska's Aleutian Islands. [35]
October 15
  • A magnitude 6.0 earthquake strikes in the ocean 227 miles off Western Samoa. [35]
October 24
  • A magnitude 7.0 earthquake hits deep under the sea off Indonesia's coast. [57]

2010

January 12
  • A magnitude 7.0 earthquake strikes Haiti, largely destroying the capital, Port-au-Prince, in the most powerful earthquake to hit the country in more than 200 years. An estimated 100,000 people are killed. [35] [57] [105] [615]
February 27
  • A powerful earthquake registering 6.9 strkes in the Pacific Ocean, about 80km off the southern Japanese island of Okinawa. [57] [382.A12]
  • An 8.8-magnitude earthquake occurs 75 miles off the coast of central Chile, sending a tsunami felt in Hawaii. At least 708 die in Chile. The quake is felt 900 km away in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Among several aftershocks is a magnitude 6.9 quake. 1.5 million houses are damaged. A 90cm wave hits northern Japan about 24 hours later. [57] [105] [382.A12] [383.A8] [615]
March 8
  • In eastern Turkey, a 6.0-magnitude earthquake kills at least 51 villagers. Over 40 aftershocks are recorded at up to 5.5 magnitude. [35]
March 11
  • A 6.9-magnitude earthquake hits 140km south of Valparaiso, Chile, followed by more tremors, including one with 6.7 magnitude. [57]
March 14
  • A magnitude 6.6 earthquake hits off the eastern coast of Japan, causing only light damage to structures near the epicentre. [105]
March 20
  • Eyjafjallajokull mountain-glacier on Iceland begins small volcanic eruptions. [838.14]
April 4
  • A magnitude 7.2 earthquake shakes the Mexico-Californian border area, killing two people and injuring more than 200. [35]
April 6
  • An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8 hits the Indonesian island of Sumatra, with no reports of casualties. [57]
April 14
  • A magnitude 6.9 earthquake strikes Qinghai Province in the remote mountainous Tibetan Plateau of southwest China, killing at least 1900 people and injuring at least 12,000. [35] [57] [105] [615]
  • In Iceland, a volcano buried under the Eyjafjallajokull glacier erupts, sending up a massive ash cloud that prompts the closure of airports in parts of Europe. [105] [615] [827.2] [838.14]
May 9
  • An earthquake of magnitude 7.4 strikes offshore near the Indonesian island of Sumatra, near Aceh province. [57]
May 21
  • Eyjafjallajokull volcano on Iceland ceases eruptions, having started March 20. [838.14]
May 27
  • An earthquake of magnitude 7.2 strikes off Vanuatu in the South Pacific. [57]
  • Pacaya volcano in Guatemala begins erupting lava, rocks and debris, forcing over 1600 to flee, and closing the country's main airport. [57]
May 28
  • The Tungurahua "Throat of Fire" volcano 130 kilometres southeast of Ecuador's capital, Quito comes to life, spewing lava, rocks and debris. [105]
June 12
  • A 7.5 magnitude earthquake strikes in the Indian Ocean near the Nicobar Islands. [105]
June 16
  • Three large earthquakes hit Indonesia: 6.4 off the island of Yapenm in Papua, the 10 minutes later 7.1 off the northern coast of Papua province, then 5.3 in West Sulawesi province. Three deaths are caused by collapsed houses. [57]
June 23
  • A 5.0-magnitude earthquake hits Gracefield, Quebec, Canada, damaging several buildings, including the church and town hall. The quake is felt across southern and eastern Ontario and western Quebec, as well as in some U.S. states, including Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, New Jersey and New York. [105]
August 13
  • A 7.2 magnitude earthquake strikes off the coast of Guam. [105]
August 28
  • Mount Sinabung in North Sumatra province of Indonesia erupts for the first time in 400 years. [105]
September 3
  • New Zealand's South Island is hit by 7.0-magnitude earthquake, 30km west of Christchurch. Damage is relatively minor, with no injuries reported. [105]
September 28
  • Seven people are reported to have been killed and around 100 are missing after a landslide in Oaxaca, Mexico. [615]
October 25
  • An earthquake and consequent tsunami off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, kills over 400 people and leave hundreds missing. [615]

2011

March 11
  • A magnitude 9.0 earthquake occurs in the Pacific Ocean, 231 miles north-east of Tokyo, Japan, the largest ever recorded for Japan. A 23-foot high tsunami hits the east coast. Tsunami warnings are issued in 50 countries and territories. Emergencies are declared at four nuclear power plants affected by the quake. Flooding at the Fukushima nuclear reactor causes meltdown and explosions. Total deaths from all causes is 19,000. [750.22] [808] [853.35]
June 4
  • Chile's Puyehue volcano erupts, causing air traffic cancellations across South America, New Zealand, Australia and forcing over 3,000 people to evacuate. [808]
October 23
  • A magnitude 7.2Mw earthquake jolts eastern Turkey near the city of Van, killing 604 people, and damaging about 2,200 buildings. [808]

2015

April 25
  • A magnitude 7.8 earthquake strikes Nepal and causes 8,857 deaths in Nepal, 130 in India, 27 in China and 4 in Bangladesh with a total of 9,018 deaths, and destroying the houses of millions. [1233] [1247.36]
May 12
  • A second major earthquake in Nepal, measuring 7.3 on the moment magnitude scale, results in 153 deaths in Nepal, 62 in India, 1 in China and 2 in Bangladesh with a total of 218 deaths. [1233]
October 26
  • A magnitude 7.5 earthquake strikes the Hindu Kush region and causes 398 deaths, with 279 in Pakistan, 115 in Afghanistan and 4 in India. [1233]

2016

April 14
  • Magnitude 6.2 earthquake in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan. [1248.67]
April 16
  • Magnitude 7.0 earthquake in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan; 40 dead. [1248.67]
  • Magnitude 7.8 earthquake in Manabi and Esmeraldas provinces of Ecuador; about 525 dead. [1248.67]
August 24
  • Magnitude 6.2 earthquake strikes northeast of Rome, Italy, killing over 247 people. [1299.39]

2017

September 19
  • A 7.1Mw earthquake strikes central Mexico, killing more than 350, leaving up to 6,000 injured and thousands more homeless. [1269]
November 12
  • A magnitude 7.3 earthquake strikes the border region between Iraq and Iran leaving at least 530 dead and over 70,000 homeless. [1269]

2018

May 3
  • The lower Puna eruption causes destruction of structures and forces many citizens of Hawaii to evacuate as lava floods the land. [1309]
June 3
  • At least 109 people are killed and hundreds wounded by the eruption of Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala's deadliest volcano for over a century. [1309]
September 28
  • A magnitude 7.5 earthquake hits Sulawesi, Indonesia, causing a tsunami that kills at least 2,256 people and injures more than 10,679 others. [1309]

2019

June 9
  • A large explosive eruption of Mount Sinabung in Indonesia sends a 7,000-metre ash column, generating a pyroclastic flow 3-3.5 kilometres long towards the south and southeast of the mountain. [1368]
October 30
  • An earthquake of 6.6 Mw rocks the Philippine island of Mindanao. [1368]
November 26
  • 51 people are killed and around 2,000 others injured in a 6.4-magnitude earthquake in northwestern Albania. The earthquake is the strongest to hit Albania in more than 40 years. [1368]
December 9
  • A volcano erupts on White Island in New Zealand, killing 20 people and injuring 27 others. [1368]

2020

January 12
  • The Taal Volcano in the Philippines has its first major eruption since 1977. [1384]
June 23
  • A 7.5-magnitude earthquake strikes the coast of Oaxaca, Mexico and kills at least four people. It is felt more than 640 kilometres away in Mexico City. [1384]
October 30
  • A magnitude 7.0 earthquake hits Turkey and Greece, killing 119 people and injuring over 1,000. [1384]
December 20
  • In Hawaii, USA, Kilauea volcano erupts. [1432.6]
December 29
  • The 2020 Petrinja earthquake with a magnitude of 6.4 strikes Croatia, killing seven and injuring more than 20. [1384]

2021

August 14
  • A 7.2-magnitude earthquake strikes Haiti, killing more than 2,100 people. [1420]

2022

January 15
  • Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano erupts underwater in the Kingdom of Tonga, in the South Pacific Ocean. The resulting tsunami can be heard 2000km away in New Zealand. A gas plume rises 20km in the sky. Pebbles rain down on Tonga 65km away. [1402.32] [1418.11]
March 16
  • 7.3 magnitude earthquake hits off the coast of Japan. Over 2 million people in Tokyo and nearby areas lose power. [1533.12]
June 22
  • Earthquake measuring 5.9 magnitude strikes Afghanistan's eastern provinces of Khost and Paktika, killing over 1000 people. [1645.18] [1654.40]
September 5
  • Earthquake with magnitude 6.8 strikes Chengdu, People's Republic of China, killing over 70 people. [1703.7] [1706.41]

2023

February 6
  • 7.8 magnitude earthquake strikes near Gaziantep in southern Turkey and northern Syria, soon followed by a magnitude 7.5 aftershock near Elbistan. Worst in Turkey history. Over 5600 buildings collapse. Deaths in Turkey: 41,000, Syria: 5,800. [1747.8] [1750.26] [1759.47] [1761.6] [1773.11]
August 20
  • 5.1-magnitude earthquake strikes near Ojai, California. [1853.23]
September 8
  • 6.8-magnitude earthquake hits Morocco, in the Atlas Mountains near Marrakesh. About 2800 killed and 2500 injured. [1847.7] [1864.24]

End of 2006-2023.

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A list of references to all source material is available.


Last updated: 2023 December 20.
Copyright © 2012-2024 Ken Polsson (email: ken@kpolsson.com).
URL: http://kpolsson.com/volcano/
Link to Ken P's home page.

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