- August 19
- Russia declares war on Sweden. [270.221]
- September
- Russian army under Peter the Great enters Ingermanland, and sets siege to Narva. [1.224] [267.80]
- October
- A Swedish army leaves Karlshamn in Blekinge, sailing to Pernau. [267.80]
- November
- King Karl XII leads his army toward Narva. [1.224]
- November 20
- At Narva, King Karl XII with about 10,000 men defeats the Russian army of 40,000. [1.225] [47.114] [48.230] [267.80] [270.222]
- (month unknown)
- Land ownership in Sweden: crown 35.5%, nobility 33%, peasant-proprietors 31.5%. [1.216,254] [47.108] [48.219]
- Population of Närke province: about 37,000. [1.219]
- The population of Stockholm is nearly 60,000. [47.128]
1701
-
- King Karl's army enters Riga to battle King August of Poland. [1.225] [270.222]
- King Karl's forces defeat Saxons and Russians at Dunamünde. [182.124]
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- The Riksbank first issues bank notes. [267.74]
1702
-
- Swedish forces occupy Warsaw, Poland. [182.124]
- At Kliszow, in Poland, King Karl's army overwhelm Saxon and Polish forces. [1.227] [182.124]
1703
-
- Swedish forces conquer the fortress of Thorn on the Vistula. [1.228]
- Swedish forces decisively defeat the Saxons at Pultusk. [182.124]
- A revised version of the Bible is published in Swedish. [47.130]
1704
-
- The Polish parliament deposes King August, and names Stanislas Leszczynski as new king. [47.115] [48.230] [267.81]
- August 9
- Russian forces capture Narva and Dorpat in Estonia from the Swedes. [1.231] [47.115] [395.26]
1705
- November
- Poland signs a treaty of alliance with Sweden against Russia. [1.228] [48.230]
1706
- January
- Swedish Relinsköld wins over Saxon army at Fraustadt, near Silesian frontier. [1.229]
- (month unknown)
- King Karl leads his troops through Silesia into Saxony. [1.230] [47.115]
- September 14
- By the treaty of Altranstädt, Saxony Elector August is forced to make peace. August renounces claims to the Polish throne. [1.230] [47.115] [48.230] [267.81] [270.222]
1707
-
- Swedes brutally execute Johan Reinhold von Patkul as traitor. [266.36] [267]
1708
- January
- King Karl XII crosses the Vistula with almost 50,000 men, advancing in the direction of Moscow. [270.223]
- (month unknown)
- Anders Sparrfelt is appointed governor of Gotland. [226.454]
- King Karl and army of 40,000 begin a march to Moscow. [47.115] (1707 [1.232])
- October 9
- Russian forces intercept and defeat 15,000 Swedish reinforcements at Lesnaia. They also capture a huge supply train en route to King Karl XII. [270.223]
1709
-
- King Karl's army in Russia is reduced to 23,000, due to an extremely cold winter in the Ukraine. [47.115]
- May 2
- King Karl's forces set siege to the fortress of Poltava defended by 4000 Russians, on the Vorskla river. [1.235] [47.116] [182.127] (May 1 [395.28])
- June 17
- King Karl XII is wounded in the foot in a skirmish with Russians. [48.233] [182.126] [395.28]
- June 28
- In the early morning, about 22,000 Swedes attack the Poltava defenders of about 45,000 Russians. By mid-day, the fighting ends. The Swedes are defeated, with some 7,000 killed and 2,500 captured. The King and the remaining army of about 15,000 retreat south-west to Perevolotjna. [47.116] [48.233] [185.392] [270.223] [311.9] (13,000 in Swedish army [182.127]) (3-4000 killed [182.130]) (June 27 [1.236])
- June 30
- King Karl XII and about 1300 men cross the Vorskla river, to enter Turkey and contact the army in Poland. General Lewenhaupt is ordered to take the remaining 15,000 men, detour through the Crimea, and meet up with him. [47.117] [48.233] [185.393] [267.82] (Karl crosses Dnieper, others to cross Vorskla [1.237])
- July 1
- At the intersection of the Vorskla and Dnieper rivers, the Swedish army of 15,000, under command of Lewenhaupt, surrenders to a small Russian cavalry force. [1.237] [47.117] [48.233] [185.393] (12,000 [182.130])
- July 5
- King Karl XII and group reach the domain of the Ottoman Turks, and seek permission to enter the Empire. While waiting, Russian followers catch up. Half of the Swedes make it across the Bug River, with the others lost in the river or captured by Russians. [185.393]
- July 24
- On the invitation of Governor Yussuf Pasha, King Karl XII and group arrive in Bender, setting up camp outside the city. [185.393]
- November
- Denmark attacks Skåne. [1.209,238] [48.233] [268.139]
1710
-
- In Sweden, a new army of 16,000 is assembled and trained. [48.234]
- February
- Magnus Stenbock leads an army in fighting back against Danes at Hälsingborg, pushing them back over the Sound. [1.238] [48.234] [267.83] [268.139]
- (month unknown)
- Swedes hold off attacking Norwegians in Bohuslän. [48.234]
- Swedes in Riga surrender to Russian forces. [1.238] [48.233] [270.225]
- Swedes in Pernao surrender to Russian forces. [1.238] [48.233]
- Swedes in Reval surrender to Russian forces. [1.238] [48.233] [270.225]
- Viborg surrenders to Russian forces. [1.238] [270.225]
- Keksholm surrenders to Russian forces. [1.238]
- King Karl XII assembles an army of about 10,000 at Bender, Turkey. [48.234]
- The bubonic plague reaches Sweden. [1.241] [267.86]
- November
- With the Swedish promise of an assault on Poland, Turkey declares war on Russia. [264.27] (1711 [47.118])
1711
-
- Swedish enemies launch attacks on Pomerania. Danish troops occupy Bremen and Verden. [47.119]
- July
- Turkey and Russia sign a peace treaty. Russia returns Turkey's Black Sea port of Azov, and promises to remove troops from Poland. The Russian tsar guarantees safe passage for King Karl XII to return to Sweden. [47.118] [185.393] [270.224]
1712
- April
- Sultan Ahmed III of Crimean Tartars sends a letter to King Karl telling him that he must leave the Ottoman Empire. King Karl negotiates delays, not trusting Poland and Russia to allow him to return home. [185.395]
- (month unknown)
- Magnus Stenbock, governor-general of Skåne, leads a Swedish army to Pomerania in preparation for an attack on Poland. [1.239]
- September
- The Danish fleet destroys Swedish transport and supply ships at Rügen, preventing Stenbock's attack on Poland. [1.239] [48.234]
- December
- Magnus Stenbock defeats a Danish force at Gadebusch. [1.239] [48.234]
1713
- January 13
- Turks set a blockade of King Karl's position outside Bender. [185.396]
- January 31
- Ottoman forces march out of Bender to expel King Karl. After firing cannon on the King's position, Janissaries are ordered to attack. They had been assigned to guard the King in 1709, and now refuse to attack him. The King is granted three days to leave. [185.397]
- February 1
- (about 1200 hours) 3,000 Janissaries from Bender commence an attack on King Karl's position. After eight hours of fierce fighting, Karl is finally captured. 15 Swedes and over 200 Turks died in the battle. King Karl is taken prisoner to Demotika, near Adrianople (Constantinople). [1.240] [47.119] [48.234] [185.397] [267.83]
- (month unknown)
- Swedish commander-in-chief Magnus Stenbock retreats from Pomerania, and invades Jutland. [47.119] [48.234]
- May
- Magnus Stenbock and Swedish army surrender to the Danish at the fortress of Tönning in Holstein-Gottorp. [1.239] [47.119] [48.234]
- (month unknown)
- Russian forces attack Finland. [47.119]
1714
- February
- Russia defeats Finnish General Armfeldt at Storkyo. [1.240]
- (month unknown)
- A Russian fleet is victorious over the Swedish fleet at Hangö. [270.225]
- King Karl escapes from Turkey. [1.241]
- October
- King Karl XII begins a horseback ride across Europe, headed home to Sweden. [48.234] [267.83]
- November
- King Karl, disguised, arrives at Stralsund. [1.241] [185.399] [267.83] (September [47.119])
1715
- October
- Denmark grants Bremen and Verden to Hanover in gratitude for the British fleet protecting Danish attacks on fortifications on Rügen and at Stralsund. [266.32]
- December
- After a year of defence of Stralsund, King Karl XII acknowledges defeat. He returns to Sweden, crossing from Stralsund into Skåne just as the city is being besieged. [1.243] [48.234] [267.84] [269.106]
- (month unknown)
- Stralsund is lost. [47.119]
- Brandenburg and Hanover declare war on Sweden. [47.119]
- King Karl XII puts Baron von Görtz in charge of the Swedish economy. [47.119]
1716
- March
- Swedish troops launch an attack on Oslo, Norway. [269.106]
- March 21
- Swedish forces capture Oslo. [269.106]
- (month unknown)
- Swedish forces capture the Norwegian town of Halden, except for the main castle. While attacking the castle, town residents burn about 330 houses to deprive the army of shelter. [269.106]
- In the harbor near Halden, Norwegian forces with seven small ships attack forty Swedish supply ships. Seven hours later Norwegian captain Tordenskjold tows away nine Swedish warships and five transport ships, crippling all others. [269.106]
- An emergency coinage of token copper currency is made with high face value, to be accepted as legal tender throughout the country. [1.244]
- July
- Freiherr von Görtz, advisor to King Karl XII, goes to Netherlands and France to seek a large short-term loan for Sweden. He is not successful. He does make an agreement with the British Jacobites at Avignon, France, at the court of the Duke of Berwick, who seeks the British throne. The deal is that Sweden would equip a Jacobite invasion of Britain, or repay its loan with interest. [266.32]
1717
- January 29
- The British government arrests Karl Gyllenborg, Swedish envoy in London, for plotting with Jacobites. [266.34]
- February 22
- At Arnhem, Netherlands, Baron Freiherr von Görtz, chief member of the Swedish Purchasing Deputation, is arrested and imprisoned, by request of King George I of England. [1.246] [266.35]
- (month unknown)
- England imposes a ban on trade with Sweden, due to Sweden's blockade of the Baltic provinces. [1.245]
- August
- The Dutch government releases Baron von Görtz. [266.37]
- (month unknown)
- The British government releases Karl Gyllenborg. [266.37]
1718
- May
- Baron von Görtz and Karl Gyllenborg begin negotiations with the Russians in Åland Islands. [266.37]
- September
- Baron von Görtz negotiates a draft peace treaty with Russia. Sweden surrenders its Baltic provinces to Russia. [47.120]
- King Karl XII sends a well-equipped army into south-western Norway, to capture Trondheim. [1.247] [47.120] [267.84] [269.107]
- November
- King Karl XII and a second Swedish army sets siege to the fortress of Fredrikssten at Fredrikshald (Halden). [1.247] [269.107]
- November 30
- (about 2100 hours) At the siege of Fredrikshald, King Karl XII is struck in the head by a bullet, killing him instantly. (It is not know whether this is a stray bullet or fired at close range by an assassin.) [1.247] [47.120] [48.234] [137.6] [183.863] [267.84] [269.107]
- (month unknown)
- The Caroline army makes its homebound march over mountains after the death of the King. Of 70,000 men, 23,000 die of cold, lack of food, etc. [311.9]
- December
- Council agrees to accept Ulrika Eleonora (sister to King Karl XII) as Queen on condition of her acceptance of a new constitution, to rule by advice of council, and to approve all laws passed by the riksdag. [48.239] [267.85]
- (month unknown)
- Population of Stockholm: 45,000. [48.261]
1719
- February
- Baron von Görtz is beheaded. [267.88]
- (month unknown)
- At a Riksdag meeting, Ulrika Eleonora, youngest sister of Karl XII, is acclaimed as elected Queen of Sweden. A new constitution imposes limitations on the powers of royalty. The Council is to follow the will of the Estates, and the monarch is bound to follow the rule of Council. [1.248] [47.134] [149.11] [267.87]
- Danish forces launch a final offensive against Sweden. [267.88]
- November
- Peace with Hanover, in which Sweden loses Bremen and Verden for one million riksdaler. [1.251] [47.122] [267.88]
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