1721
- August 30
- The Treaty of Nystadt ends the war between Sweden and Russia. Sweden loses Livonia, Estonia, Ingria, and East Karelia incluing Viborg. Russia returns Finland, and pays 2 million riksdaler. Russia agrees not to interfere in Swedish internal affairs or royal succession. [1.251] [47.122] [48.236] [264.28] [267.89] [270.225]
- (month unknown)
- Population of Sweden is about 1.25 million. [47.124]
1723
-
- King Fredrik re-introduces wild boars to the island of Öland. [7.6]
- The Swedish government recognizes the new titles ("Great", "Emperor") of Peter I of Russia. [270.226]
1724
-
- Sweden signs a 12-year treaty with Russia, for a defensive alliance. [47.138] [48.244]
- The government issues the product decree (Produktplakatet), forbidding foreign ships from bringing in goods to Sweden other than that of their own countries or colonies. [48.262] [267.92]
1726
-
- The Conventicle Edict enforces religious orthodoxy and bans other religious sects. Prayer meetings in houses cannot include outsiders. [1.257] [47.180] [48.245]
1727
-
- Sweden joins the Alliance of Hanover. [47.138] [267.91]
1728
-
- An Academy of Sciences is started at Uppsala. [48.259]
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1729
-
- The Rörstrand factory for china is founded in Stockholm. (The production factory moves to Lidköping in the late 1920s, then moves out of Sweden in 2005.) [48.262] (1726 [280.28])
- Sweden signs a treaty of friendship and trade with Algeria. [48.262]
1731
-
- The Svenska Ostindiska Companiet (Swedish East India Company) is founded by Göteborg merchants, and granted a monopoly by royal charter to conduct trade between Sweden and the East Indies. [47.138,170] [48.262,265] [234.18] [267.92]
1732
-
- Olof von Dalin first publishes The Swedish Argus. [47.180]
1735
-
- Carl von Linné publishes his System of Nature, describing a classification of plants. [47.179]
- Sweden renews its alliance with Russia. [47.139]
1736
-
- The Levantine Company is founded, for trade in eastern Mediterranean. [48.262]
- Sweden signs a treaty of friendship and trade with Tunisia. [48.262]
1737
-
- Sweden signs a treaty of friendship and trade with Turkey. [48.262]
1738
-
- The Stockholm Levant Company is founded. [47.170]
- October
- Sweden and France form a new alliance. [1.260] [267.94]
- December
- The Riksdag meets. Chancellor Arvid Horn resigns, and five of his political party are expelled from the Council for renewing the alliance with Russia. Carl Gustaf Tessin, leader of the "Hat" party, is elected as marshal. [1.260] [47.140] [48.246] [267.94]
1739
-
- New Chancellor is Count Karl Gyllenborg. [1.261] [47.140] [48.246] [267.94]
- The Royal Academy of Science is founded in Stockholm, to exchange reports of discoveries with other countries. [47.179] [48.259,282]
- The riksdag sets up a Manufacturing Office. [48.263]
- After negotiating an alliance with Turkey, Major Malcolm Sinclair is murdered by Russian agents. [47.140] [267.95]
1741
-
- Sweden concludes a treaty with France, compelling Sweden to declare war on Russia to receive payments from France. [47.140] [48.262]
- Sweden signs a treaty of friendship and trade with Tripoli. [48.262]
- The Science Academy gains the sole right to produce namesday calendars. [45.17]
- July
- Sweden declares war on Russia. [1.261] [48.246] [267.95]
- (month unknown)
- Sweden helps a coup in St. Petersburg replace tsar Peter I with his daughter Elisabeth. [47.140]
- November
- Swedes march into Karelia. After a show of Russian force, General Carl Emil Lewenhaupt marches them out again. [48.246]
- (month unknown)
- The Swedish advance on St. Petersburg voluntarily halts, and an armistice is arranged by a local commander. Russian tsarina Elisabeth rejects the armistice. [47.140]
- November
- Queen Ulrika Eleonora dies, leaving no children as heirs to the throne. [47.141] [48.246] [267.90]
1742
- June
- Russia launches a full-scale attack on Finland. [47.140]
- (month unknown)
- Sweden signs a treaty of friendship and trade with the two Sicilies. [48.262]
- Generals Anders Koskull and Georg Bogislaus Stael von Holstein form the Kosta glassworks company. [60.6]
- August
- The Swedish army in Finland retreats to Helsingfors and surrenders. [47.140] [267.96] (1741 [48.246])
- (month unknown)
- All four Estates of the riksdag vote for Duke Karl Peter Ulrik, the Danish crown Prince and son of Karl Fredrik of Denmark, to be named crown prince of Sweden. [47.141] [48.247]
- Tsarina Elisabeth of Russia names Duke Karl Peter Ulrik as her successor, making him unacceptable as crown prince of Sweden. [48.247]
1743
-
- Russian tsarina Elisabeth offers to return part of Finland if the Duke's cousin, Adolf Fredrik, is made new King of Sweden. Adolf Fredrik is prince-bishop of Lübeck, and a great-great grandson of King Karl IX. The chancellor's party, the Hats, agrees to the terms. [47.141] [48.247]
- June
- Peasants of Dalarna march on Stockholm, demanding that the crown Prince of Denmark be made the new king of Sweden. [47.141] [48.247] [267.97]
- (month unknown)
- Russia offers restricted territorial claims to south-east Finland if Adolf Frederick is chosen. Swedish negotiators accept. [47.141]
- June 23
- Peace with Russia is signed at Åbo. Part of south-east Finland is ceded to Russia. Adolf Fredrik of Holstein-Gottorp is elected as heir to the Swedish throne. [1.261] [48.247] [267.97]
1744
-
- King Adolf Fredrik marries Louisa Ulrika, sister of Frederick II of Prussia. [48.247] [267.98]
1745
- June
- Sweden forms a new defensive alliance with Russia. [48.247] [267.98]
- September
- The Swedish East India Company ship Götheborg runs aground and sinks at Hunnebådan outside the Göteborg harbor, near the Älvsborg fortress. [40.12] [234.18] [290.7]
1746
-
- Paper currency is introduced. [48.273]
- Chancellor Count Karl Gyllenborg dies. The new leader of the Hats party is Carl Tessin. [47.142]
- The Riksdag meets. The Caps party regains the House of Nobles, and five are elected to the Council. [47.141]
1747
-
- Carl Gustaf Tessin is new Lord President of the Council. [267.98]
- Sweden joins a defensive alliance with France and Prussia. [48.248] [267.99]
- An Ironmasters' Association (Jernkontoret) is founded. [48.263]
1748
-
- King Frederik I establishes the Orders of the Seraphim, Sword, and Polar Star. [290.17]
- A royal decree organizes a census of Sweden, the first full-scale census in Europe. [47.179]
- The Iron Office is set up, to regulate trade in iron. [47.171]
- The British envoy in Stockholm is expelled, accused of trying to help government officials with treasonous communications with Russia. [47.141]
1749
-
- The Tabellverksamheten is started, recording statistics about population demographics. [40.12]
- Sweden and Denmark reach an agreement preventing war. [267.99]
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